Brain Drain in Puerto Rico

PUERTO RICO BRAIN DRAIN CRISIS DANIEL VILLAFANE BUSN 5000 WEBSTER UNIVERSITY Abstract Brain drain refers to the large-scale emigration of a large group of talented, skilled and knowledgeable individuals. This situation is also commonly referred to as â€Å"human capital flight. † Globally, some generals factors contribute to this situation. Puerto Rico has his own distinctive factors. Puerto Rico has a special relation, and a unique political status with United States that make it easier for islanders to find an opportunity in the greatest country of the world.A concise timeline will show how and when â€Å"Puerto Rico became an asset to United States. † Remember, in financial accounting, assets are economic resources. Anything tangible or intangible that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce value and that is held to have positive economic value is considered an asset. While Puerto Rico suffer a â€Å"brain drain† of human capital emigrating the hos t country enjoy a â€Å"brain gain. † Timeline of Puerto Rico and United States Relationship since the Spanish-American War 1898 -The Spanish–American War whereby Spain relinquished its sovereignty over Puerto Rico. 1900. The Foraker Act established the governing structure for the island of Puerto Rico. | 1917-The Jones Act granted U. S. citizenship to all residents of Puerto Rico. | 1947- Operation Bootstraps â€Å"Operacion Manos a la Obra† based on an exemption for federal taxes, section 931 of the U. S. Internal Revenue Code. Provided for exemptions of federal taxes for corporation operating in P. R. Puerto Rico entered a period of rapid industrialization and strong economic growth. (Carrion, 2009)| 1952- Proclaimed the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. | 963-Industrial Incentive Act, Section 931, increased the period of exemptions for 17 years. Puerto Rico became an important Center for the petro-chemicals and pharmaceutical industries. (Carrion, 2009)| 1976- Se ction 931 changes to a more financially attractive Section 936. In 1991 corporations accounted for 72 percent of manufacturing jobs in Puerto Rico. (Barbosa, 2010)| 1993-2000 Governor Pedro Rosello and Resident Commissioner Romero Barcelo lobbying in Washington against the Section 936 because they consider it as an obstacle to change the political status for the island and become the 51st State. 1993-President Bill Clinton proposed to eliminate Section 936 periodically during the next ten years. Economy start to decline and corporations stopped investing and start preparing to leave the island. Thousands of employees lost their jobs during this period. | 1994-North America Free Trade Agreement NAFTA makes Mexico and Canada more attractive to corporations. | 2005- Sections 936 and 30A expiration of the tax incentives. | 2006- The commonwealth's population had a steeper loss than any of the 50 states since 2006, according to the Census Bureau. Nasser, 2012)| General factors contributi ng to a brain drain situation globally There are some common denominators that provoke a large group of talented, skilled and knowledgeable individuals to emigrate. Some of these situations are well known as causes of Brain Drain. Many times high scholastic scores are recruited to study abroad. Upon concluding their studies, these individuals stay in the countries where they were educated. In several occasions individuals emigrate because the income is substantially higher.Countries like United States and others well developed nations offer a great diversity of careers and major possibilities of advancement. Last but not least, there is another driving factor know as the standards of living. Factors contributing to a brain drain in Puerto Rico Several factors identify causes of this emigration in Puerto Rico. First, the University of Puerto Rico’s excellent programs of engineering, science and nursing. Recruiters for companies such as Boeing and Disney, NASA and other U. S. g overnment agencies, school districts and hospitals from Texas to Florida flock to career fairs. Add that these students are bilingual; do not need a passport, visa or government permission to work stateside, and it's clear why they're a hot commodity, even in a down economy† (Nasser, 2012). Second, unemployment is still above 14%, compared with 8. 3% nationally (U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , 2013). Third, more than 20% of Hispanics in Puerto Rico have a bachelor's degree. â€Å"When you go to a job fair (in Puerto Rico), there are thousands of candidates† (Nasser, 2012). Finally, it is a reality that young people and families are leaving primarily for jobs, but also and sadly to get away from a spike in crime.Negative effects This crisis is bringing some negatives effects in the short run as well as in the long run. Puerto Rico’s median age will much older, as young people are leaving. This human capital flying situation also means that the best and brightes t of your country are building someone else's society. Confusion and skepticism are created when political leaders doubt the reliability of their own citizens and become frightened when valuable workers and capital fleas their country in huge numbers.Eventually this country, Puerto Rico in this case, could lose all of its inner strength due to scarcity of skilled domestic workforce. An a multiplier effect Multi National companies probably will avoid coming to Puerto Rico due to lack of capable workforce. It also put detrimental impact on the development of basic infrastructure. People in the affected country suffer due to unavailability of doctors and engineers. â€Å"Basically, brain drain makes a county hollow from inside and it is curse for developing nations† (The Gemini Geek, 2013). Brain gainThe brain drain that can causes damages to the economy ad future of one country could be the gold opportunity to another host country to flourish. This phenomenon is known as brain gain and is considered for many as a key time for a few cities to get ahead (Dimick, 2012). According to an article in the Smart City Web Newspaper one of the city with more benefits for this brain gain is San Antonio, Texas. Unlike much of the rest of the country, San Antonio is rapidly gaining 25-plus-year-olds with college educations and it is happening fast.The change began in 2008; prior to then, when looking at top metros for attracting college-educated talent, San Antonio was nowhere to be found. Of the top 100 metros in the U. S. , San Antonio ranks as number six in brain gain – those over the age of 25 with a bachelor’s degree or advanced degree who have moved to the city. To realize the full potential of a talent economy, as Pittsburgh has done, San Antonio will need to produce talent. It shows you how important our universities are and how the decades ahead are so important to rise to even greater promise. SCM, RSS 2013) These â€Å"stolen† minds have flourished and become some of the most successful people in America: 1. Judge Sonia Sotomayor is the first Latina to sit on the United States Supreme Court. 2. Dr. Antonia Coello Novello is a pediatrician who served as the 14th Surgeon General of the United States from 1990 to 1993. 3. Dr. Edwin Muniz M. D. , Ph. D. and Ed. D. , was the first person of Hispanic heritage to be named Aerospace Physiologist in the United States Air Force and NASA. 4. Angel Rivero Mendez (1856–1930) was a soldier and businessman who is credited with inventing the â€Å"Kola Champagne† a soft drink. . Joseph Michael â€Å"Joe† Acaba is a teacher, hydrogeologist, and the first Puerto Rican NASA astronaut. 6. Pierre Omidyar of France founded Ebay 7. Sergey Brin of Russia co-founded Google. 8. Jerry Yang of Taiwan co-founded Yahoo. FACTS From 2005-2012 more than 400,000 people from Puerto Rico left for the U. S. During the same time, just over 160,000 people came to Puerto Rico from th e U. S. Finally, the people who left Puerto Rico had higher levels of education than the people who came back = brain drain.The completely opposite is happening in San Antonio according to the following extract from the report The Brain Gain: The Rise of San Antonio’s Talent Economy, Smart City Memphis (2013). the same situation in San Antonio. The trend of return migration began in the suburban rings around cities. As parents did well in their two-degree households, they sent their children away to the best college they could get into. Once they finished school, the children left for big cities like Chicago and New York and these children of educated homes didn’t just go to big cities, they excelled. At some point, perhaps for family issues or a desire to start a family, these people came home,† observed Russell. â€Å"I’m seeing this trend explode across the United States and there’s a major migration shift going on. † When they move back, they don’t move back to the suburbs, they have acquired a taste while away for urban neighborhoods. When they come back to San Antonio, shared Russell, they seek out the neighborhoods that remind them of D. C. or Brooklyn. (SCM, RSS 2013) Achieving equality through a higher education should be the goal of every vanguardist government.References Barbosa, P. M. (2010, 06 15). Pedro M. Rosario Barbosa's Blog. Retrieved from Quien Asesino la Seccion 936? â€Å"Who Killed Section 936? : http://pmrb. net/blog Carrion, M. E. (2009, 01 07). Puerto Rico Encyclopedia. Retrieved from Operation Bootstrap: http://www. enciclopediapr. org Dimick, I. (2012, 11 16). UTSA Alumni Association. Retrieved from The Key to Continued Brain Gain: Specialized Higher Education: http://therivardreport. com Nasser, H. E. (2012, 3 11). Puerto Rico's population exodus is all about jobs. Retrieved from USA TODAY/News: http://usatoday30. satoday. com Smith, C. (2013). Brain Drain Crisis. San Juan, Puerto Ri co: El Nuevo Dia. Staff, C. O. (2012, March 12). caribbeanbusinesspr. com. Retrieved from Caribbean Business: http://www. caribbeanbusinesspr. com The Gemini Geek. (2013). What are effects of Brain Drain for a country? Retrieved from The Gemini Geek. Geek redefined: http://www. thegeminigeek. com U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . (2013). States Unemployment Rates. Retrieved from Puerto Rico Unemployment Rates: http://www. unemployment-rate. org/states/unemployment_rate/Puerto_Rico

Needs of training

All organizations must manage four resources: money, equipment, information, and people. Investments in better equipment may speed up production or reduce waste. Investments in training and development of employees can make them more productive or more effective in their Jobs, directly contributing to the bottom line. The singular function of training is to produce change. It is the upgrading of a person's skill or the addition of a new skill, which in turn can bring about the desired change an agency is seeking.It is important to understand that training in and of tself cannot motivate a work force The purpose of training and management development programs is to improve employee capabilities and organizational capabilities. When the organization invests in improving the knowledge and skills of its employees, the investment is returned in the form of more productive and effective employees. Training and development programs may be focused on individual performance or team performanc e.The creation and implementation of training and management development programs should be based on training and management development needs identified by a training needs analysis so that the ime and money invested in training and management development is linked to the mission or core business of the organization Value and importance of Training According to Edwin B Flippo, â€Å"training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular Job† From the above definition, it can be observed that training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee.It imparts specific skills for specific purposes. It is mainly Job oriented. Training is needed to be given to both old and new employees throughout their tenure in the organization. ? to foster growth and development o provide opportunities for employees to accept greater challenges to aid employees in contributing to the achievement of department goals and the agency's mi ssion and vision to build employee self-confidence and commitment to produce a measurable change in performance to bring about the desired changes that can solve a variety of problems Types of Training Programmes Induction or Orientation Training: This training programme is meant to induct a new employee into the new social setting of this work setting.The new employee is introduced to his Job situations and informed about the rules, working conditions, rivileges and activities.Most of the information is likely to be embodied in a handbook which is distributed to an employee and in case of rank and file workers, the orientation may consist only of brief explanations by a member of Personnel department or the supervisor under whom the employee will work In order to maximize the effectiveness of training and development, organizations must constantly assess their employees' current training and development needs and identify training and development needs to prepare employees for thei r next have different needs and that these needs will change over time as these workers ontinue in their careers The different types of training programs can be broadly classified as Job Training: The purpose of Job training is to increase the knowledge of workers about the lobes within which they are concerned so that their efficiency and skill of performance are improved. In Job training workers learn correct methods of handling machines and equipments, avoiding accidents, removing bottlenecks,etc Promotional Training: Many companies have adopted a policy of filing some of the vacancies at higher levels by promoting existing employees.When existing employees are promoted in the Organization, they are required to shoulder new esponsibilities. For this, they require training so that they may not experience any difficulty to shoulder the responsibilities of the new position to which they have been promoted Refresher Training: At the time of initial appointment, employees are formally training for their Jobs, but with the passage of time, they may forget some of the methods which were taught to them or some of the methods or all of them may have become out dated because of technological development. Hence, refresher training is arranged for existing employees in order to enable them to revive and improve their knowledge.

Young People Have A Better Life

My grandfather always story me how was his life when he was young. I find that there is a huge different between my life and his young life, my life is 10 times much better than him. So, I will say yes for this topic that young people have a better life today.Nowadays, young people have a better life because of the sophisticated technology that helps us in every work that we do. For instance, when teacher gives us assignment, we can gain information and tips that are required for the assignment by just surfing the net without going to library. We also can be a knowledgeable person because now we have a lot of online newspapers which provide us the latest news from entire world. In contrast, the previous people are so hard to get to know the news because they do not have sufficient money to buy newspaper which is the main source to know the news.In addition, young people have a better life today because we can enjoy live together in harmony and peace, there is no war, terrible rush an d the most important thing that can be proud by Malaysians is Malaysia is an independence country now. This success is achieved because of the contribution of the elderly generation to our country. Apart from this, the life quality of the young people today is increased drastically. For example, there are a lot of hospitals and clinics which are not only at the city areas but also in the interior areas to improve the health of the citizens.Government is always wants the best for the young people to live in good condition in this country. So, they provide us infrastructures kind of post offices, libraries, banks, highways, and many more which help us a lot in our daily life. Those days, there are less infrastructures and the elderly generation disables to do their works smoothly.Besides that, the education itself is the main reason why young people have a better life today. For instance, the systematically system is practiced in education, the marking scheme in exam is easier than be fore and the teachers nowadays are more understanding and educated. Hence, we will be more excited  and enjoy to study. This leads us to be a successful person in the community one day.

The Strategic Management Process of Walmart Case Study

The Strategic Management Process of Walmart - Case Study Example Elaboration Likelihood Model identified message relevance as one of these factors. According to this model, when message relevance is high, individuals will actively process and evaluate the information in the advertisement when forming or changing attitudes. (Barrie, 2005) When message relevance is low, individuals will not actively process the information in the advertisement, but will instead rely on peripheral message cues to form or change attitudes. Brand Identity is that element of customer perception and awareness which has its focus in the results of a certain kind of projection through the brand equity building measures. This calls for an integrative model which will combine the basic elements of the brand identity and brand equity concepts so as to create a platform for the effective discussion of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. (Jorge et al, 2005) This has been of special relevance for the Walmart company as far as its foray into target market and product variation is c oncerned. Walmart depends to a great extent on the contribution and quality of its human capital. The human capital may be defined as that element of the organisation's operational sphere that is a living, breathing part of the activities that put the innate resources and factors of production into application. This application results in profits arising out of the activities of the human capital and the efficiency with which this resource carries out its tasks. This in turn, has a bearing on the achievement of the organisation's goals. (Jorge et al, 2005) Business Partner The first role of the human resource in today's organisation is that of a business partner. This has come to the fore with the emergence of various service oriented companies that provide intensive marketing services along with the products that are being produced. This is a formal level of institutionalised operations where the organisation profits greatly. This is done by pushing the product in quarters where the effects of regular marketing and promotion cannot reach. It is also an elevated level of salesman ship where the sales agents are offered a share in the business that they make. The advantage of this is that the business partners take a personal interest in the development of a clientele. (Green, 2002. P 111) Further, this serves the two fold purpose of sales and promotion. While there might not be

Internal and external recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Internal and external recruitment - Essay Example In external recruitment, employees are hired after conducting advertisement. External recruitment is also useful for organization because in this case, there is a large pool of candidates to be selected from. The major sources of external recruitment include employment agencies, educational institutes, and employment at factory level, advertisement, labor contractors, recommendations and employment exchanges. Internal and external recruitment, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. It depends upon the companies and their situations as what suits them the best. No matter if the recruitment is done internally or externally, the problem which arises with both the forms of recruitment is of Employee Turnover. Irrespective of the fact that employees are hired internally or externally, turnover always exists which has become a crucial area of consideration for employers. In many cases, employees who are hired internally leave the organization due to various reasons but in some cases, externally hired employees persistently perform their jobs without having an intention to leave. Many researchers and experts argue that only internal recruitment can reduce cost which is related to hiring and recruiting employees from external source but what if employee turnover rate is high? The cost which would be saved from externally recruiting employees will be spent on replacing them after they leave. Therefore, this paper discusses this most important issue of Employee Turnover which arises in both the forms of recruitment; External Recruitment as well as Internal Recruitment. The issue of employee turnover has received substantial attention of human resource experts and professionals, industrial psychologists and senior management. It is considered as one of the most costly inflexible challenges of human resource management which is widely confronted by the organizations. (SIGMA Assessment Systems Inc. , n.d.) Before coming

Exam questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam questions - Essay Example If the right is bought, it is called a long call; if the right is sold, it is called a short call. An option that gives the right in due course make a sale at a predetermined price is called a "put" option. If the right is bought, it is called a long put; if the right is sold, it is called a short put. i) Flexibility - Options are an extremely flexible tool. Options can be bought or sold in many different combinations for many different investment opportunities (i.e. Stocks, indices) . This allows for an investor to take advantage of varied market conditions available at a time. Options can be traded to address rising or declining markets, quiet markets or volatile markets with uncertain price directions. ii) Increased trading opportunities – There are a great number of strategies that can be adopted while trading options. These create additional profit and risk management opportunities for traders thus an increase in returns. iii) Limited risk with unlimited profits – If one buys a call option, they benefit from unlimited profit potential as the stock moves higher while the investor who buys a put option, has the benefit of unlimited profit potential as the stock moves lower. Index options are financial derivatives that give the possessor the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a basket of stocks, such as the Nasdaq – 100 index options, at an agreed-upon price and before a certain date. An index option is comparable to other options contracts, the difference being the underlying instruments are indexes. One may use index options to hedge when there is need to protect the value of the portfolio of mixed stocks in case of a market decline. Index puts are utilised in this instance. Index puts are generally used to protect unrealised profits stemming from an investor’s portfolio. There may be various classes of options that are available

Without Strategies It Is Not Possible to Provide Direction for the Research Paper

Without Strategies It Is Not Possible to Provide Direction for the Construction Companies - Research Paper Example Corporate strategies have been divided into Five Ps by Mintzberg and they are Plan, Ploy, Position, Pattern and Perspective. While each is a separate type of strategy with its attendant qualifications, yet they are usually present in all strategies to some degree. The real difference lies in the fact that one of them will be dominant and others will play a supportive role. (Mintzberg). Markets are heterogeneous and companies, irrespective of size and area of operation, need to remain competitive in order to survive and make profits for their owners. Companies need strategies following which competitive advantage can be gained. Environments have a great impact on companies. The strategy is the reaction or response to these external and internal situations. Ansoff et al (1976) state that, amongst other things, responsiveness to the problems is what strategy is all about. The aggressive response to competition, the sublime response to the customers, the firm but fair response to the managers and workers are but a few ingredients of strategy. Minzberg et al (1998) offer another concept of strategy which is that it acts as a mediation force between the organization and the environment. The strategy is the internal and inherent capacity of the organization to meet and face challenges posed by the environment. There are different responses that formulate strategies and they can be divided into three different prescriptive or narrowed down schools of thought. They are the Design, the Planning and the Positioning schools of thought.

Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innovation - Essay Example As an enabler of social, personal, business and information sharing interaction, Internet has had far reaching effects on the societies and individuals across the world. Previously unimagined, Internet has allowed people to have instant online access to information including news, education, and entertainment as well as allowed communication through email. While this facility has had a notable effect on individual lives and how we communicate and do business, the real societal changes lie elsewhere. The Internet has allowed democratisation of information where individuals and communities can now become producers in addition to being consumers of information. Domains like journalism and art, which were limited to mainstream and traditional spheres of influence, have opened up to individuals who can express and create their own identity and personal following. Social networking sites like Facebook and Youtube have given rise to new online relationships. While some of these never result in face to face contact in person, the phenomenon has enabled connections across geographical and cultural divides based on personal preferences, interest groups and vocational interests. Several social support groups have sprung up on the webs which have particularly helped those who are either shy or unable to be part of physical groups. The ability to be anonymous on the web is an advantage here. Finally, the Internet has increasingly become home for civic and political advocacy (Lin & Atkin, 20 07: p. 184). President Obama’s presidential campaign depended heavily on the Internet, for example. Tyler noted that there was nothing new about the Internet and that it merely allowed â€Å"new ways of doing old things† and did not have a social impact (Tyler, 2002). So, in essence, are the benefits or pitfalls caused by Internet indistinguishable from those we already know of? Perhaps the answer is not that

Working Capital Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working Capital Management - Essay Example The company has a policy of maintaining a strong balance sheet and free cash flows on a sustainable basis to become free from shot term debts and strengthen the position of liquidity. As on 2011, Nissan Motor Company achieved a positive free cash flow of 379.5 billion Yen (Nissan Motor Co. Ltd, 2013). The company uses its free cash flow for repurchasing stocks in order to increase the available capital with the company. According to the market demand, Nissan Motor Company also uses the free cash flows to investment in assets like factories, equipments, operational infrastructure and also decides to allocate a part to the shareholders as long term plans for raising capital. The use of free cash flows helps Nissan Motor Company to meet short term expenses without incurring current liability. The use of free cash flows by the company influences the approach of capital structure decisions. Nissan Motor Company reduces the debt capital and focuses on increasing the equity capital in its c apital structure model. The theory of Capital Structure proposed by Miller and Modigliani is applicable in such wide number of scenarios where the companies should adopt a balance between the debt and equity capital for raising finds in order to maintain an optimal cost of capital (Pratt,

Depression in mothers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Depression in mothers - Essay Example Depression among women has been known to be caused by a myriad of issues that affect the world globally and in the local communities. This is especially in the third world, where poverty is one of the leading causes of depression among mothers and women in general, unlike other factors that affect the first world and other well to do women that have all their basic needs. Poverty has led to depression amongst many women following the lack of basic needs to sustain a comfortable life, even at the lowest level of just being alive and having a meal on the table, as well as clean water to drink. This is in addition to having access, to health and medical facilities in order to cater for the overall wellbeing of women and communities in question. However, due to the sensitivity of the issue, we shall dwell more on the depression of women as they tend to shoulder the burden of poverty, especially in Africa. Studies show that African women are more likely to contract type 2 diabetes than wo men with greater economic resources or wealth only serves to show the impact of poverty on depression in African women (De Groot et al 172). The above studies approach depression in poor African women from the perspective of coming from a poor environment, where their depression is a reaction to the said environment. In addition, poverty is considered to be the strongest factor leading to depression amongst mothers with young children, especially considering their inability to provide for their young (Grant et al 1). This also includes the lack of suitable facilities, in which to live, which, in turn, leads to insecurity. The whole situation of depression revolves around the concept of poverty, especially in the third world, which covers most of the globe and Africa is a major concern followed by parts of Asia. Oxfam as an international organization works towards the wellbeing of the global society by working to eliminate overtly across the globe. As a result, it can be taken to mea n to be an institution that works towards bettering the lives of women and lowering the risks of depression among women and mothers. The Oxfam website can be considered to be substantially user friendly with the ease of use and navigation along the lines of the information it provides. With this in mind, the institution’s website provides bulk of information on its role on an international scale to improve the lives of those caught up in poverty. Considering this, Oxfam labels poverty as a condition that can be eradicated off the face of the earth and have all members of society living comfortably. The above is because; Oxfam works with vulnerable people in the face of poverty to overcome their difficulties in making ends meet in relation to food, education, development and citizens’ rights, as well as climate change, where those affected receive assistance from the organization to improve their lives substantially. The website provides information on how one can work together with Oxfam to alleviate poverty by donating to the organization for the good of the society, a means that can be viewed as a one that caters for the depressed women. This is through the collection of financial and other forms of resources that are used to put up facilities to improve their livelihoods considering their vulnerability to poverty (â€Å"Oxfam†). In the third world, especially Africa, this translates to fewer depressed women following the delivery of

Black Political Power Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Black Political Power - Research Paper Example Some of her notable acts of activism include an article she wrote in Free speech and headlight that urged blacks to leave Memphis, which led to about 6000 people leaving, while others organized boycotts (Fradin & Fradin, 2000). Quitting teaching, she begun investigative journalism and together with Frederick Douglass and other African Americans, they organized the Chicago boycott of 1893 and died in 1931 at the age of 68 with a record of speaking against anti-lynching and written various works of activism like the â€Å"Red Record† and the â€Å"Southern Horrors: Lynch Law In All Its Phases.† She travelled far and wide including Europe and Great Britain, preaching antiracism. Another key political leader in the black politics who did not hold a political title was Frederick Douglass, who was a poet and an activist against slavery. He was born into slavery in 1818 in Talbot County in Maryland, to become a prominent intellectual who lectured to many people and advised pre sidents. When in slavery at the home of Hugh Auld, his wife Sophia taught him to read the alphabet at the age of 12, helping him acquire the skills that would latter Vault him to national celebrity. In his course of reading, he developed the ideological of opposition, after reading newspaper articles about slavery. He got interested in political writing and literature. In 1833, while working for Thomas Auld, they had a fight in which Auld lost in the physical confrontation. After escaping from slavery in 1838, he got married to Anna Murray and they both moved to Massachusetts where he became an anti-slavery lecturer. He wrote an autobiography of his life story in 1845 named â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An... Black Political Power The key political leader in the black politics who did not hold a political title was Frederick Douglass, who was a poet and an activist against slavery. He was born into slavery in 1818 in Talbot County in Maryland, to become a prominent intellectual who lectured to many people and advised presidents. When in slavery at the home of Hugh Auld, his wife Sophia taught him to read the alphabet at the age of 12, helping him acquire the skills that would latter Vault him to national celebrity. In his course of reading, he developed the ideological of opposition, after reading newspaper articles about slavery. He got interested in political writing and literature. In 1833, while working for Thomas Auld, they had a fight in which Auld lost in the physical confrontation. After escaping from slavery in 1838, he got married to Anna Murray and they both moved to Massachusetts where he became an anti-slavery lecturer. He wrote an autobiography of his life story in 1845 named â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave†, which became a bestseller in the United States and was latter translated in several European languages. He published my â€Å"Bondage and My Freedom† in 1855 and in 1881 â€Å"The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass.† He later went to Ireland to avoid his recapture, and remained there for two years, talking and preaching about the evils of slavery (Spengler, 2006). His British supporters raised funds hat purchased his legal freedom and returned to the United States in 1847 as a free man.

Porter Five Analysis of the European Airline Industry Essay Example for Free

Porter Five Analysis of the European Airline Industry Essay While the business model existed for some time (first such in 1973 US), the appearance of these in the European market needed the liberalization brought forth by the EU, implementing the „Freedoms of the air† in three stages. In 1997 the first LCC (Low Cost Carrier), the Ryanair began its operation, and in a few years a few more followed, which gave the national and network airlines a new problem to the existing economic problem, shrinking market and others such as 9/11. By today the changes in the past two decades have shifted and diversified the industry, which was once a mature and to some level declining in structure. The new regulations, companies, investors and consumers have brought new life, the industry once again mature with fragmented characteristics. The ideal tool for the assessment of the airlines industry is Michael Porter’s five force model. It aims to find and demonstrate the forces in the microenvironment which influence the industry, internal and external as well. Threat of new entrants (barriers to entry) †¢High capital investment ? †¢Capital intensive ? †¢Airport slot availability ? †¢Predatory pricing ? †¢Brand loyalty/frequent flyer ? †¢Economies of scale ? Limited number of routes ^ The threat of new entrants, due to the barriers mostly set by the nature of the industry and by the existing companies, are very low. Yet sometimes when the possibility arises, new companies start: in the past few years many national companies went bankrupt leaving a market to take by the existing companies or new upstarts. Bargaining power of suppliers †¢Ai rcraft manufacturers †¢Relatively low number of suppliers ^ †¢Suppliers are concentrated ^ †¢Airlines are valued customers ? †¢Airports †¢Slot availability ^ †¢Alternatives to the primary airports ? The bargaining power of suppliers is mostly two-legged, and both have a medium threat. For both parties it is best to find a mutually working solution on a long term, because it is a industry with relatively small number of players loosing even one can have an impact on both sides. Threat of substitutes †¢Alternative transport (bus, car, train) ^ †¢Videoconferencing ^ †¢Global environmental awareness ^ The threat of substitutes includes a broad variety for the different needs. All-in-all it still only gives a medium threat, since the quick transport to a distance has no alternative. Bargaining power of customers †¢Price ? †¢Internet/social media ^ †¢Customer orientation ? †¢Choice ^ With the first LCCs the customers had no bargaining power: if you choose to go with this low price, accept the services as it is. However, nowadays with more alternatives and the ever-reaching internet and social media a bad customer satisfaction can be a disaster. This can however be mitigated with customer orientation, but still customer had the choice, it is a medium high level. Rivalry within the industry †¢Between LCC and national/network airlines ^ †¢Between LCCs ^ The rivalry within the industry is high due to the high number of big and medium sized companies. The airlines industry is highly competitive, with very high barriers and medium to high threats within. While there is a relatively low threat from a new market entree, the existing international competition is fighting over all the resources: more and better airports possibly with mutually excluding contracts, picking up the customers fed up with their previous carrier or starting a price war on a selected destination, binding the newly aquired flyers with brand loyalty programmes. Unless there is an opportunity, it is not an attractive industry to enter due to the high number of barriers. However, once established a foot, it is a very interesting and very intensive industry with good possibilities. The major LCCs depending on how low cost they are making good profit and there is still room for growth. The key factors for success should include: †¢Efficiently utilizing the resources (financial, time, human resources) †¢Utilizing a network of business partners (complementary) †¢Timely expansion (trying new destinations, increasing frequency) †¢Customer orientation (with following trends eg. ocial media) These above should be observed by both LCCs and traditional airlines. The industry standards are given, those companies will become successful which can effectively utilize them.

Advantages of Metamaterials

Advantages of Metamaterials Juan Castellanos The future is here and you wouldn’t believe how far research has come. Through countless experiments and hard work scientists have expanded the limits on what we thought to be impossible via advances in metamaterials. These so called â€Å"metamaterials† are artificially constructed improvements over naturally occurring materials commonly used in inventions. These metamaterials are altered at a Nanoscopic scale to give them new properties. Advances in the field of metamaterials could impact many aspects of life including: technology, medicine, and military combat. To fully understand what metamaterials are, we need to completely understand how they work. Metamaterials are created on a small scale in order to manipulate or alter incoming waves, causing them to behave differently than they normally would. This can include light, mechanical, sound, or electromagnetic waves. Through the use of metamaterials you could conceivably â€Å"stretch the law of refraction to its limits because you could make light bend in any direction you liked†(Grant Hapgood). For example, water has standard refraction, which produces a bent image since light travels throughwater at a different speed than it does throughair while â€Å"Metamaterials can make objects in waterappear to angle in the opposite direction, whichis known as negative refraction† (Clark). Metamaterials normally acquire their properties from structure rather than composition since they are engineered to have different properties than those found in nature. Metamaterials are going to innovate the next wave of technological advances that could make life easier. For instance, metamaterials can have a major impact on the commercial market by making wireless charging a possibility, affecting millions around the world that are in constant need of a convenient method to charge their portable devices. According to Business Insider major companies such as Samsung, Hewlett-Packard and Panasonic have cited metamaterials in recent patent filings (Wagstaff). Furthermore, metamaterials could potentially keep families in touch by enabling access to the Internet in areas around the world where it is currently unavailable. This is achieved by â€Å"an antenna on a moving object, such as a plane or automobile, to a satellite, facilitating a constant connection† (Clark). This antenna generates a connection that enables satellite-connected Internet to exist anywhere in the world. In addition, Metamaterials can save lives and prevents catastrophes b y being able to shield and redirect seismic waves away from buildings and other important structures. Researchers conducted an experiment in 2013 where seismic waves were artificially produced in soil and in the presence of metamaterials; probes determined there was a â€Å"modification in seismic energy distribution† (Brule, Javelaud, Enoch, Guenneau). The cloaking of seismic waves can be a bit more complex than say that of acoustic waves due to the nature of the medium (Sheng) but the benefits of such an advance could limit damage from natural disasters by protecting important structures such as power plants, residential buildings, and hospitals. Just in recent memory, seismic cloaking could have benefited Japan when their power plants were struck by a tsunami resulting in nuclear meltdowns and a 2010 earthquake crippled Haiti leaving millions of people devastated. These are just few examples of how metamaterials are revolutionizing the world we live in. Secondly, the military is also investing in metamaterial research in order to gain an advantage on the battlefield. As previously mentioned, metamaterials are designed to have characteristics their counterparts would not normally have, a prominent example is the ability to â€Å"produce plastic metamaterials that are superconductors of electricity† (Scharrett, Garrison). Replacing electric conducting metals with plastic conductors would result in less electrical resistance and â€Å"large drops in electrical resistance translate directly into reduced thermal buildup and major increases in the meantime between failures of electrical components† (Scharrett, Garrison). Moreover, a naval research program is funding a prototype that bends sound around a submarine in order to make it invisible to enemy sonar through the use of metamaterials that can manipulate sound waves. In addition, Army is researching metamaterials to build biological and chemical detectors. These metalli c nanostructures react electromagnetically to incoming molecules detecting single molecules that could be of great use for passenger or cargo screening (Hambling). The Holy Grail in all the research being poured in to metamaterials is the development of â€Å"invisibility cloaking†, the type we have only been able to imagine in movies and comic books. Duke University’s Yaroslav Urhumov says the U.S. Department of Defense is a â€Å"major sponsor of metamaterials and invisibility research and backing this up further is Miguel Navarro-Cia of Imperial College London who claims the military’s primary interest was in â€Å"making a cloak†(Wagstaff). Besides the obvious goal of being able to approach and attack enemies sight unseen, there are other possible functions for the military that could also be applied to civilian use such as â€Å"rendering parts of an aircraft invisible for pilots to see below the cockpit, or to rid drivers of the blind spot in a ca r† (Wagstaff). All these improvements and advances could potentially save casualties and be the difference between victory and defeat. Perhaps the most important utilization of metamaterials will occur in the field of medicine where it can directly help treat and save millions of patients. As opposed to bending light waves in order to make something invisible, metamaterials could also potentially lead way to a super microscope that can view objects as small as a singular strand of DNA. As Discover magazine puts it, this could â€Å"turbo charge biological research† (Grant, Hapgood). Conventional optics are hindered by the refraction limit, only allowing objects to be viewed up to a certain resolution, meanwhile â€Å"metamaterials having negative refractive index is theorized to create a lens having better capabilities beyond conventional lenses. A British scientist, Sir John Pendry, proposed that a thin slab of negative metamaterial might overcome the problems with common lenses to achieve â€Å"a perfect lens† that would focus entire spectrum† (Pendry 3966). One of the biggest tools against ca ncer is early detection; the difference between life and death is often determined by the stage the cancer is discovered. â€Å"By developing microwave devices and combining it with structures inspired by metamaterials, it can lead to a very cost effective device that can localize with high precision an abnormality within the human body† (Raghavan, Rajeshkumar 368). Moreover, In the future metamaterials could â€Å"absorb all light, to create heat to destroy cancerous tissue† (Tufts University). The researchers at the Tufts University School of Engineering and Boston University concentrated on metamaterial silk composites that are resonant at the terahertz frequency. At this frequency many biological and chemical components could be possibly used for biosensing in the human body. According to this research â€Å"The silk metamaterial composite is sensitive to the dielectric properties of the silk substrate and can monitor the interaction between the silk and the local environment. For example, the metamaterial might signal changes in a bio-reactive silk substrate that has been doped with proteins or enzymes (Tufts University). All these potential advances show how metamaterials will impact the medical field with great importance. In conclusion, metamaterials can have a advantage over naturally occurring materials due to alterations made at a small scale that allow for manipulation of any incoming waves that come in to contact. Metamaterials have introduced a wide array of possibilities previously thought unreachable. The use of metamaterials will be widely used in different fields and will result in beneficial developments for humanity. Therefore, metamaterials will have an impact on the future of humanity and the perception of what we know. Works Cited Clark, Marjorie. Metamaterials Are Quietly Shaping the Future of Radar 425 Business. 425 Business. N.p., 19 Feb. 2015. Web. 05 Apr. 2015. http://425business.com/metamaterials-quietly-shaping-future-radar/>. Hambling, David. 5 Metamaterials That Make Matter Invisible, Silent or Blindingly Fast. Popular Mechanics. Hearst Digital Media, 05 Mar. 2010. Web. 05 Apr. 2015. Luan, Pi-Gang. The Physics of Metamaterials. N.p.: National Central University, n.d. PDF. Metamaterials. Metamaterials. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2015. http://www.iop.org/resources/topic/archive/metamaterials/>. Tufts University. Implantable silk metamaterials could advance biomedicine, biosensing. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 13 August 2010. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100812135938.htm>.

Influences of Biological Factors on Individual Personality

Influences of Biological Factors on Individual Personality Examine to what extend biological factors account for an individuals’ personality? The term ‘personality’ is used in general conversation in many ways. When psychologists discuss personality they are concerned primarily with individual differences – the characteristics that distinguish one individual from another. This essay discusses personality in terms of the biological approaches that view characteristics as traits and considers the roles of genetics and environmental influences in the stability of individual characteristics. A lot of evidence points to the conclusion that individual differences, mostly measured as psychological traits are substantially influenced by genetic factors (Carver Scheier, 2000). This conclusion raises questions about research and theory in Psychology in terms of the variation of these traits in the population and the existence of psychopathology (Bouchard, 2004). Trait psychology has a clear set of assumptions including the heritability of traits and a causal model attributing individual differences in brain function into behavioural and learning differences (Gale Eysenck, 1992). The behaviour and molecular genetic evidence confirm that biology has its role in personality traits (Carey, 2002). Since the 1950’s Eysenck claimed that most of the differences we observe between people’s personalities can be accounted for by just three factors, expressed as bi-polar dimensions: (1) introversion-extraversion; (2) neuroticism-stability and (3) psychoticism. Eysenck (1994) also gave his typology a biological basis, linking it not with body fluids but with the central nervous system (introversion-extraversion) and the autonomous nervous system (neuroticism-stability). He proposed that individual differences in introversion-extraversion are explained by inherited differences in the excitatory potential of central nervous systems (CNS). Individuals whose excitatory potential is low are predisposed towards extraversion since the bias in their CNS is towards cells being inactive (inhibition) rather than active (excitation). This means extraverts require more going on around them for their brains to function adequately, and to maintain a reasonable level of alertness, than introverts do. Extraverts are ‘stimuli-hungry’ and not only have a CNS which switches off more readily, they take longer to dissipate the inhibition that has built up in their CNS while attending to a stimulus. Conversely, introverts, through their high excitatory potential, are already reasonably alert and thus less prone to switching their attention to other sources of stimuli; in other words, introverts are less easily distracted than extroverts. Introverts would also be less likely to have what is termed as ‘micro sleeps’ (switching off for a few seconds), because they dissipate any inhibition much more rapidly than extraverts do. Even before Eysenck’s theory was available, large individual differences had been observed in the ease with which individuals, in some occupational settings, doing jobs like radar and sonar operations, could cope with the low levels of signals on their screens or reported signals when none were present, while the performance of others seemed relatively unaffected by the low level of simulation (Eysenck Eysenck, 1985). Eysenck’s theory seemed to offer an explanation of this and other similar differences of behaviour. Extraverts because of the low level of activation in their nervous systems, find it difficult to cope with environments which provide low levels of unvarying stimulation. Introverts, on the other hand, with central nervous systems already reasonably activated find these environments ideal. Conversely they would be swamped by high levels of stimulation, which would cause a considerable reduction in their performance. Much of the impact of these physiological differences on psychological differences between individuals was presumed to arise from its effect on an individual’s conditionability (Eysenck, 1994). Introverts, since they build up inhibition slowly, are easier to condition than extraverts. This implies that introverts are constitutionally more likely to assimilate, through conditioning, the rules, obligations and attitudes of their social environment. Conversely, the impact of socialisation on extraverts is attenuated by their weaker conditionability. Extraverts are therefore less likely to acquire conforming and conscientious behaviour patterns than introverts. Though Eysenck, for the most part, has focused on exploring the biological substructure of the introversion-extraversion dimension, he has suggested that an individual’s position on the second dimension, neuroticism-stability, reflects the stability of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is the part of the nervous system, not directly under the conscious control, that carries a number of reflex activities; it is also involved in certain emotional responses. Some people inherit a labile ANS, which responds vigorously to stress and also takes some time to return to baseline. In addition, they experience more spontaneous activity, that is, shifts in activation which are not clearly attributable to external events. Conversely, some individuals are born with stable ANS characterised by weaker responses to stress, a more rapid return to baseline and spontaneous activity. This means individuals with a labile ANS are constitutionally more prone to worry, anxiety, embarrassment and stress than those with a stabile ANS. Thus, individuals towards the neuroticism end of the dimension have greater ‘free floating’ anxiety which, through conditioning, can become attached to events or people. This may mean that social interaction can, for some individuals, become ‘loaded’ with a considerable amount of anxiety. However, an important implication of Eysenck’s theory is that neuroticism is normally distributed along a continuum. In other words, there is not a discontinuity between normal people and conditions such as agoraphobia (i.e. fear of open spaces), which are simply the result of somewhat higher levels of anxiety response. If the agoraphobics can learn a more neutral response he or she will be able to resume a normal life. However, despite clear connections between an individual’s biological status and neuroticism, there are clearly very significant environmental considerations. Tong et al., (2000) found that levels of neuroticism (N) were causally related to environmental factors and, in particular, to the failure of affect ional bonds provided by a social network of friends and acquaintances. Similarly, Bouchard (2004) found that women with children at home under 15 years old and men and women who are unemployed are more likely to have neurotic problems. Thus, 25.4% of unemployed women and 13.6% of unemployed men had neurotic illness as compared with 8.9% of employed women and 5.5% of full or part-time employed men. The employed status of the subject’s spouse also plays a part in the prevalence of neurotic symptoms. Men with a wife at home are less at risk than those who have a wife at work. In women, those with an unemployed husband at home are more at risk than their peers with a husb and at work. Thus neuroticism, though having a large genetic component, seems to be also partly environmental, although the direction of cause-and-effect in such studies should not be presumed. Children in maturation process value immensely consistent parental, familial and peer encouragement and emotional support (Bouchard, 2004). Inadequate or culturally atypical child rearing practices, parental illness, marital disharmony and family disturbance are all associated with personality disorder. Nevertheless, the role of learning cannot be over-estimated. Many personality disorders, for example, can be described in terms of inappropriate thresholds to incoming stimuli (Krueger Markon, 2006). Low thresholds to frustration or tolerance lead to impulsive behaviour or loss of temper. A high threshold in relation to emotional sensitivity leads to over defensiveness and emotional coldness. Thus, a child with little innate tendency to loss of temper but, in a family where tempers are regularly lost and are socially effective and valued, will model this behaviour and lower her threshold. Impulsive behaviour may be more likely in children where impulsive behaviour flourishes in the f amily and subculture. In terms of genes and cognitive abilities, several researchers have estimated the separate effects of genes and environment in the expression of intelligence by comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins raised in the same environment with those raised in different environments (Bouchard et al., 1990). These can be viewed as experiments of nature (monozygotic and dizygotic twins) and experiments of nurture (raised in birth or adoptive families). Genes and environment are both correlated in birth families because the same parents provide both genes and environment. In adoptive families, the birth parents provide the genes and the adoptive families provide the environment. These studies have demonstrated that the correlation of the IQs of siblings raised in different environments is low, just over 0.20 (Bouchard McGue, 1981). Monozygotic twins of course share 100 percent of their genes, whereas dizygotic twins and other siblings share 50 percent. Clearly genes have stronger effect on I Q. However, the outcomes of twins studies do not refer to individual members of the populations under investigation. In other words, conclusions about the relationship between genes and IQ do not apply to individuals regarding the research evidence available. Nevertheless, the decreasing role of the environment in IQ seems to be counter-intuitive because research by Petrill et al., (1998) has shown that the longer twins experience different environments the more dissimilar should become. In other words, the effect of the environment on IQ is important in childhood but becomes increasingly unimportant in adulthood (Petrill et al., 1998). Nowadays, trait psychology has been challenged in terms of whether or not should we maintain individual differences in the functioning of broad neural systems as the principal explanations of personality? Cognitive and social-cognitive models may provide viable alternatives considering the impact of moderating factors. Further, both Eysenck and Gray assume that each trait relates to a single, key underlying system, but there might not be any simple one-to-one mappings between brain functions and traits (Zuckerman, 1991). These challenges presented by cognitive theorists and multiple-systems models of traits may be met in various ways. For example, improvements in the methodology for assessing brain functions may reveal that Eysenck and Gray are correct. Another approach maintains the centrality of neurophysiological explanations and seeks to develop more complex physiological models (e.g. Zuckerman, 1991). Furthermore, an alternative is to consider cognitive variables as mediating co nstructs so that they facilitate neural processes. In conclusion, some personality characteristics (such as general mood and energy level) are influenced by inherited biological factors. Eysenck (1985; 1994) thought that personality was determined more by genes than by environmental factors. Various personality attributes seem to be identifiable within weeks of birth and remain relatively stable in each child during the first three years. Although this clearly attests to the large genetic influence on early personality development, these biological factors cannot be viewed in a vacuum. Experiences that are common to the culture and the subculture group (such as gender roles) and experiences that are unique to the individual interact with inborn predispositions to shape personality. Personality develops in a constant interactive process between biological potential, environmental circumstances and social opportunity. References Bouchard, T. J. Jr. (2004). Genetic Influence on Human Psychological Traits: A Survey. Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol 13 (4), August, 148-151. Bouchard, T.J. Jr. McGrue M. (1990). Genetic and rearing environmental influences on adult personality: an analysis of adopted twins reared apart. Journal of Personality, (58), 263-292. Carver, C.S. Scheier, M.F. (2000). Perspectives on personality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Carey, G. (2002). Human Genetics for the Social Sciences. London: Sage Eysenck, H. J. (1994). Personality: Biological foundations. In P. A. Vernon (Ed.) The Neurophysiology of Individual Differences. London: Academic Press. Eysenck, H. J. Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences. New York: Plenum. Gale A Eysenck M W (Eds.)(1992). Handbook of individual differences. London: Sage. Krueger, R. B. Markon K. E. (2006). Understanding psychopathology: melding behavior genetics, personality, and quantitative psychology to develop an empirically based model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15 (3), 113-117. Matthews G. Gilliland K. (1999). The personality theories of H. Eysenck and J. A. Gray: a comparative review. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 583-626. Petrill, S. A., Plomin, R., Berg, S. (1998). The genetic and relationship environmental relationship between general and specific cognitive abilities in twins age 80 and older. Psychological Science, 9, 183-189. Tong, H. J., Donald, W. P. Wade H. (2000) Genetic Influences on Neural and Behavioral Functions. CRC Press. Zuckerman, M. (1991) Psychobiology of Personality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Conflict Induced Internal Displacement & The Shifting Gender Dynamics E

Internal displacement is an issue that affects regions around the world. Countries ravaged by civil wars, government oppression, human rights abuse or other internal conflicts produce the mass displacement of persons (referred to as IDPs) to other parts of the country seeking refuge (Knox and Marston,108-109, 2010). Within the context of Colombia this paper will first explore the economic challenges that IDPs must face and discuss how these challenges effect displaced women. It will then discuss how the gendered division of labor in the household impacts these geographies of displacement. Lastly, it will examine the link between the urban environment, and shifting gender dynamics within the context of internal displacement. Colombia provides a good case study from which to examine the issue of internal displacement, because Latin America is the world region with the second most severe IDP situations, Africa being number one (Knox and Marston,108-109, 2010). Colombia in particular has a dramatically high number of IDPs, accounting for up to 8.6% of Colombia’s total population (Carrillo,529, 2009). The capital city of Bogotà ¡ has the largest population of IDPs in the country, approximated to be 244,184 (Carrillo,530, 2009).These high numbers are a result of the Guerrillas and paramilitaries targeting rural civilians by way of â€Å"arbitrary killings, looting, and destruction of property† in order to take control of their land for economic and political benefit and in order to possess strategic territory (Knox and Marston,108-109, 2010). The civilians being targeted usually move from their homes in these war stricken rural areas to urban areas elsewhere in the country (usually determined by geograph... ...s, suppl. Displacement, 2009: 527-546. Eschenbà ¤cher, Jens-Hagen. "The Global Internal Displacement Crisis: Recent Developments and Perspectives for An Improved International Response." Refugee Survey Quarterly, 2005: 49-60. Escobar, Nora Segura. "Colombia: A New Century, an Old War, and More." International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 2000: 107-127. Knox, Paul L, and Sallie A Marston. Places and Regions in Global Context: Human Geography. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc., 2010. Monserrat, Silvia Inà ©s , et al. "Values and attitudes towards women in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico." Employee Relations, 2009: 227-244. Mooney, Erin. "THE CONCEPT OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT." Refugee Survey Quarterly, 2005: 9-26. Winders, Jamie. August 31, 2011. GEO 171. Winders, Jamie. October 5, 2011. "Population Geographies: Migration". GEO 171.

Hiding from Reality Essay -- Literary Analysis, Blanche Dubois

Why do people want to live in a perfect world? Everyone wants to live in their own fantasy world because that is where all their dreams are able to come true. No one wants a world of grief and sorrow. Life should be lived to its fullest. It should not be wasted. It should be embraced. When we are faced with agony, we must either make a choice between accepting it or hiding from it. In the play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† by Tennessee Williams, the author mainly focuses on Blanche Dubois, a woman who moved to her sister’s house due to the loss of Belle Reve, her family home. She is a deceptive and selfish person, who cannot accept the occurrence of agony in her life. She mentally deteriorates due to the lost and rejection of love, and due to her selfishness. She chooses to hide from the truth. When an individual hides from reality, it will only result in them hurting themselves. At the beginning of the play, Blanche is already in a nervous breakdown as she was drinking wine that she found in Stella’s house. She was using it to calm her nerves. When Stanley came home from his bowling game, he had a conversation with her. At the end of the scene, he asks her about her husband. She started to break apart as she says â€Å"The boy – the boy died; [She sinks back down] I’m afraid I‘m - going to be sick! [Her head falls on her arms],† (p. 31). This represents that her husband’s death has resulted her to go into a depression. She is unstable whenever she is reminded of her husband. She had some memories with her husband that she cannot forget causing her to be really sad. It is later revealed in the play that her husband was with another man. He killed himself due her revulsion towards him. She states â€Å"by coming suddenly into a room that I tho... ...someone she is not. Everyone experiences hard times in their lifetime. The outcome will depend on how you face these obstacles. Blanche became shattered when her husband died, but she chose not to accept it, which why it resulted in her only hurting herself. She tried to find another love to cover up her empty heart, but in the end, she deluded him, and hurt herself even more. She tried to act like she was living the perfect life, and that she was better than everyone else, but that cause her a major downfall. Lies can never be hidden forever, and once hers were revealed, she could not hide anywhere and was forced to face the horrible consequences she has created. Dealing with reality can sometimes be challenging, but if you learn to face and overcome these challenges, reality will not be that terrible.

gender Essay -- essays research papers

Gender Roles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many years society has embraced the idea that the difference between men and women were biologically determined. Thou through traditions, media, and peers we act accordingly to how others view us. Each individual has pressure placed upon them based on their gender. Our sex is determined by genetics while our gender is programmed by social customs. Some theories interpret that a women is tender and a loving mother while on the other hand men are aggressive hunters and are the dominant one of the family. People who support this theory seems to believe that men and women are happier when fulfilling the roles nature determined for them. Women are to be nurturing and men are to be providers by nature. An individual gender role is molded through socialization. Individuals learn the ways, traditions, norms, and rules of getting along with others. A person environment has a big influence on the roles deemed accurately for men and women. Parents, media, teachers, and peers are important socializing agents for teaching the young their gender roles. Children are viewed through â€Å"Gender-Colored† glasses by their parents that focus on gender differences that do not exist. Meaning that a glass is clear and depending upon what you want to see through it is what you will see through it. Most children are raised with the belief that girls are pretty in pink and boys are rough and tough in blue. As infants grow older, their parents’ notions about gender stereotypes continue to influence how parents treat their children. Mothers and fathers tend to look at their baby girls as more fragile than their boys. There area several reasons for the differential treatment, but one can only assume that parents want their boys to be tough, and their daughters are to be neat and very lady like, in their behavior. Parents treating their infants differently are displaying socialization. Socialization is the process by which all people learn what is expected of them through their interactions with others. The household chores that are assigned by our parents are one way to shape a child’s gender role for the future. In many households, boys do the taking out trash, mowing the grass, shoveling the snow, and what the parents feel like are manly duties. While girls, clean the house by doing the dishes, cooking, babysitting the younger siblings, an... ...s a child can develop how he/she follows rules and regulations or how they unify with society. When a person learns how he/she should behave in society and accepts it, then they can be rewarded by positive approval, acceptance, and admiration. When one has a particular role he/she have certain privileges and obligations associated with that particular role.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The roles of men and women and the social rules that dictate appropriate behavior for each are not shaped by biology itself. Determining that biology only plays apart so much and also your environment. Productive work is shared by men and women now, but for women it is primarily defined in terms of their maternal and family role. For women who participate in productive activities beyond the housekeeping has tended to bring women a greater measure of equality, but the load gets heavier from them to carry job, household, and children. Lately the outlook has changed on women dedicated their lives to homemaking. Jobs were initially generated for men because they were strong. But now the barrier is being broken and socially accepted for who they are and not for the role they are to play in society.

Family and Consumer Behavior Essay

Therefore, not only do we have to study and do research about individual consumers but we also have to consider groups of people such as families and the influence of their members on others within the group. â€Å"Today in the United States, 68 percent of the 111. million household are families. According to many sources, the family remains the central or dominant institution in providing for the welfare of its members and is the major household consumer and consuming unit† (Schiffman and Kanuk 2007, 347). This means the family is a notable consuming unit if not the most important one. â€Å"Although families sometimes are referred to as households, not all households are families. For example, a household might include individuals who are not related by blood, marriage, or adoption, such as unmarried couples, family friends, roommates or boarders. However, within the context of consumer behavior households and families usually are treated as synonymous, and we will continue this convention† (Schiffman and Kanuk 2007, 347). Consequently, groups of people who interact to accomplish either individual or mutual goals may be considered as a unique consuming unit even if they are not related by blood, marriage or adoption. Thus, The research process would be the same. Families can be divided in three main types: the married couples, the nuclear family and the extended family.

A Woman’s Smile Essay

Why Woman grinning is a persuasive essay pen by Amy Cunningham, an essay that explores the theme of sex activity differences in our edict, specific everyy the difference mingled with the frequency that women grin comp atomic number 18d to men. She believes the frequency of a cleaning muliebritys grimace has more than to do with the complaisant public press launch on her to grin than it does her actual area of happiness. Cunningham uses historical, biological and cultural examples as demonstration to support her opinion that these types of influences are to load for the unappeasable fortunate of women. Women pull a face indiscriminately and often insincerely and the tradition of this mien is hard influence by the crew of social pressures in clubhouse and valet de chambre biology. Women gather up to speak up and split up fighting their instinct to smile always and say whats really on their mind. Why Woman Smile discusses a muliebritys smile and examines t he rude(a) and nurtured haves for the behaviour. Cunningham approaches this topic from a logical, feminists perspective. Her stance done proscribed the piece is nonpareil of frustration with societys pressure on cleaning cleaning lady and its dictation of cleaning ladys conduct.Cunningham evinces knocked out(p) the irony that women nominate legally taken control of their bodies and destinies, however sport failed to take control of the deuce tiny muscles on their faces. She lands that as substantially as some of us smile in lieu of showing whats really on our minds (189) and that the Smiling Woman has find a peculiarly Ameri outhouse archetype (190). She urges women to staunch giving insincere smiles and show their unbowed emotions. Psychologys virtually persistent issue and oldest debate is over whether or not human traits and appearance are indwelling and inherited or if they ascend as a reaping of iodins experience and environment, nurture. Modern daytim e psychologists believe that nurture works on what nature endows. Cunningham agrees with these psychologists and argues in her essay that the behavior to smile is natural when a person is elated but that it has been nurtured by society, learn it to become a constant behavior among women. She supports her argument by providing examples that indicate prosperous is a natural instinct as well as a product of our society. To support this theory that sunny is a natural instinct she includes examples of monkeys and their social behavior.Cunningham writes that monkeys tug their lips up and back to show disquietude of attack as well as their reluctance tovie for a determine of dominance (190). She goes on to point out that babies begin to smile round 3 months of age and even blind babies hold out to smile when they are feeling pleasure. These statements are evidence that smiling is a natural instinct and humans are hard-wired to smile from birth. Cunningham argues that this natura l behavior has been nurtured and conditioned to become an automatic, constant reaction in social situations. She discusses this by pointing out how m separates coach their girls to be well mannered and polite. They are promote to always wear a smile and leave their true emotions at the door. She goes on to say if a woman isnt draining a smile thus she is barricadeped in the streets ad asked if something is scathe or she is portrayed as too serious or unfriendly.This is society nurturing the behavior to become more frequent among women. She summarizes that as a consequence, a womans smile rarely has to do with the state of her happiness. Her major point of the essay is that a woman smiles because it is an instinctual behavior that has been nurtured by society to become a habit, a repeated behavior she must participate in so she tooshie become the archetype project of what a woman should be. In a blog post include with the essay Cunningham informs her audience that she straigh t off disagrees with most of her article. She informs the reader that she had approached the subject from the wrong point of view and let her feelings get in the way of seeing things clearly. She admits she didnt espouse the topic from a neutral standpoint.She has now discovered that woman actually had the mighty idea all along. Cunningham argues that women smile to propagate positive push and happiness to others around them, and that smiling makes you blessed. She concludes her article with a communicate to woman every(prenominal)where. She encourages her audience to be happy and start smiling. A smile style the like thing in every culture it is a universal symbolisation for pleasure, contentment, and non-dominance. In our society, women are constantly smiling no matter what is on their minds. They smile when they are happy, panicked, nervous, holding back anger, foreclose and a long list of other emotions. Women of all social classes are told to be nurturing, kind, pol ite and friendly. At a young age girls are coached to display these traits and most importantly to always sit up straight and smile. As a woman matures this behavior to smile is nurtured into a veil and shield for her to wear so she evict conform to these high standards society expects of her.When wearing a smile, awoman eject appear to be poised and polite, happy and approachable, things that our society demands a woman to be. seldom does a smile from a woman indicate her state of happiness. Cunningham included a quotation from Oscar Wilde in her essay, a quotation that illustrates this point. He wrote, A womans smile is a work of legend (190). This describes the argument perfectly. Women wear their smiles to hide all of the feelings and emotions that dont serve them well and if revealed would hurt their images and attempts to be the ideal women society demands them to be. Cunninghams blog post mentions that women should agree smiling and get happy. This is true it would do a great disservice to a woman if she actively tried to fall by the wayside smiling. It would damper her mood, hurt her spirit and have a negative impact on those around her. Cunningham remarks that women are still pass judgment to be magnanimous smilers, servicemates in crisis, and curators of everybody elses morale (193). There has to be a point at which a womans individual needs outperform the needs of those around her.A woman can spread happiness and smile like Cunningham later suggested, but yet to the point where it does not harm the woman. conceal emotions behind another smile is unreliable to a womans intellectual wellness and health and the relationships she has. If a woman believes she is being treated unfairly by various people throughout her look and continues to conceal her feelings and not work through them, eventually they will wear on her and explode at an inappropriate time, causing severe damage to the relationships. By then, the blue things have added up t o a broad problem that could have been avoided if it had been address at the time they occurred. Often the problem or problems have become so enormous they are often not repairable. minus feelings need to be put out in the open at the right time and place and quickly dealt with.These emotions can eat away at a person if kept inside. Women should be advance to smile and provide a nurturing energy to the people around them, but just now if it is healthy to do so and not harming anyone. Cunninghams original argument was reconcile women smile constantly and often insincerely because society dictates they should. The behavior is a nurtured, natural instinct and women shouldnt fight it. Women need to stop giving insincere smiles so people around them can picture when something is wrong so they can help to fix it. The social pressures that weigh heavily on women are nearly unfeasible to maintain. Women are humanthey have the same feelings and emotions men do. It is unfair and unhea lthy that women are not encouraged to show these emotions and or else instructed to smile constantly. It is impossible to maintain this image of eternal happiness and woman should stop trying to. A smile can uplift and help people, but the phantasy of an insincere smile can cause more harm than good. Women should keep smiling but only when they want to. industrial plant CitedCunningham, Amy. Why Women Smile. The Norton Reader an anthology of nonfiction. Ed. Linda Peterson, John Brereton, Joseph Bizup, Anne Fernald, genus genus Melissa Goldthwaite. New York Norton, 2012. 189-195. Print.Cunningham, Amy. All Smiles Now. Beliefnet.com. N.p., 29 Dec. 2006. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.Works CitedCunningham, Amy. All Smiles Now. Beliefnet.com. N.p., 29 Dec. 2006. Web. 10 Oct. 2014. Cunningham, Amy. Why Women Smile. The Norton Reader an anthology of nonfiction. Ed. Linda Peterson, John Brereton, Joseph Bizup, Anne Fernald, Melissa Goldthwaite. New York Norton, 2012. 189-195. Print.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the matter A crafty few ideas which may help you craft an effective and intriguing introduction is to keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look like they what are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical relevance of t he research;brief brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction should also indicate that the only way your bit of study will cause the comprehension of the subject.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical little relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical particular relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to mention the practical successful outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is merely among the elements of a dissertation.It is also vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones that how are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The reason what why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which only means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply pick the subject which best matches apply your field of research to find a introduction illustration in that topic.

Try to summarize the gist of each chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the brief outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our doctoral dissertation debut writing will assist you in lots of ways.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points check your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the serious problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the dissertation outline is added.It is possible to begin looking into their site unpublished dissertation writing services and to verify their merchandise.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts and submit a piece of writing in which all vital different points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of check your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why check your research study is significant as well and what its value for the field or heavy industry is.Question and the dissertation subject ought to be focused that youre in a position to collect the critical information within a comparatively short time-frame, typically around six weeks for undergraduate programmes.You need to show check your target audience a clear picture of what they are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your scientific research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the fact that your target readers are many members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point legal right away. They are looking for a preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of your study in general.The only means to attain a constant second argument throughout a bit of composing is by creating some type of map or plan of.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.The decisions that are tactical ought to be contingent on the new further insight supplied by your research findings.Taking everything into account, writing an introduction for a dissertation is a whole complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting strong enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation g eneral introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee pay so much much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Its not good enough to collate the study results accomplished by men and women.

Aim to leave a all clear comprehension of debate or the primary discovery to the reader your research have progressed.From learning doing the research into writing a in depth account of it, moving isnt always straightforward.The simplest way to theoretical construct a dissertation is inside-out.If possible, start looking for fellow-student or a buddy with whom you may rate swap at the place dissertations to get proof-reading.

Appearance vs. Reality †Comparative Essay Essay

It is wholly some smell profound A semblance among The government agency of mien vs. public In Macbeth and F valueenstein.Macbeth is integrity of the work of gamingwright William Shakespeargon and it is considered star of his close hefty tragedies. It discriminates the fib of a right warrior, Macbeth, who turns swel conduct beca spend of dream and greed. It is a unmixed tosh of bitter a devout deal than angiotensin converting enzyme prat chew. A a few(prenominal) centuries later, an beginning named bloody shame Shelley wrote a chivalric invention, Frankenstein, closely a new(a) scientist named superscript Frankenstein who creates a foundation garment and abandons it. The tool tries to be authorized by two(prenominal) night club and his creator. Although these dickens texts atomic number 18 of diametric genres and eras, with Shakespe ars fetch covering sinewy bases of desire and degeneration and Shelleys novel present piece of musics of justice, flakiness and the sublime, twain authors wont the theme of take c be vs. universe. They ingestion this to channelize how world discernment is base solo on fashions, how an mortal female genitals modification because of this apprehension and how air plays a built in bed in ascertain integritys nursing home in gild.It is gaykind spirit to calculate others on their come forwarder-bound dates. stack work disclose broadly on their opthalmic reasons as the strongest leg of judgement. For example, in the play Macbeth, Macbeth and his wife stag the business tameer with their correspondions and lyric to manage him feel obtain fleck they argon truly proviso his mop up. (Macbeth I. v). They sleep with that spate legal expert on manner and steady down to use it to their advantage. They act how they regard race to forgather them, as liege substances of the tabby as debate to deceitful, ruse and enterprising pl enty which was what they genuinely were. As state by madam Macbeth, to deceive the time, look uniform the time. (Macbeth I. v.70-71).As trance is the primal ace of man, the ground of human sentiment is the shape, an nonate or caryopsis of the overall tabuward focus. This conciliates if something is true(p) or mischievous. In Frankenstein, superordinate Frankensteins fundament had icteric skin, light eyeball and instantly dumb lips. He was non what was considered bewitching (Shelley, 58). The puppet looked painful and ill-scented, and unworthy and vile is not considered full so it was judged as handsome. Eventually, appearance catches up with reality and an case-by-case could neuter or cause what others come back they are because of how they look.The opinion ply out by batch peck be counterproductive to two the man-to-man be judged and the unmatch up to(p)s doing the judge. It substructure lead to wizard construction up divers(prenomin al) feelings intimate of them. In Macbeths case, it led to overconfidence. He started out nigh he was a endure and stanch warrior for his rude (Macbeth I. ii.30-45). hence he pull a murder to fit his ambition to buy the farm top executive (II. ii) and he got onward with it because no mavin could speculation from the right smart he acts the high-risk intentions he has or the law-brea index he has committed. He goes on cleanup spot and notwithstanding no back tooth tell because e truly integrity keeps sound perspicacity establish on what they instruct on the outside. Macbeth reaches a pointedness where he decides to let the truly firstlings of his mall be the very firstlings of his gain (IV. i.161-162).By this time, Macbeth has glowering into a autocrat and this is ill to both(prenominal) him and the flock of Scotland. Likewise, the discretion dish out for Frankensteins creation had a detrimental stamp. He was ab initio forgiving and heedful until his nave go steady of reality was undo by the partial scratchiness he approach (Frankenstein- The pedestal of Appearance. 1). The fauna was skinny and was never aband unityd the knock to so much as say forwards he was turn outside(a) because of the dash he looked (Shelley, 108). Eventually, he breaks threatening and malevolent because of the evil inter prospect he had to agree (Shelley 148). wrongfulness judgment put forward strike an effect, as staten in both Macbeth and the peters situation. The matchless and only(a) dissimilarity is that Macbeth was already wishful only when got worse date in the zoologys case, he on the whole glowering most and went from better to bad. In both cases, each individual(a)s guide in beau monde was affected. mountain are stratified into categories in society. It creates a amicable pec fag order where every one knows their indue and who they should associate with. on that point are shipway to determine this and appearance plays a role. For example, if at that govern was no mold humor of how commodity things should look and sort of morals, cognition and compassion was express more than ones outward-bound appearance, Frankensteins pecker would never nourish suffered isolation because of his unattractiveness (Frankenstein- The prow of Appearance. 1).His draw a bead on in society is at the very cigarette because he has no one else who is unforced to be associated with him and no one else who is uniform him. In Macbeths case, he was aiming for the highest rank Kingship. In his time, a poof is considered next to god and hence the highest position in genial hierarchy. Macbeth kills the king to become king and because no one judged him as assailable of committing such(prenominal) an act, merely alternatively judged him on how he appeared to be a true-blue subject of the king, he succeed the highest position in society.The theme of things not ever world as they should be has been utilize passim the biography of literature. This is shown by Shakespeare and Shelley who wrote in solely unalike contexts and centuries. They show how judging base on appearances gutter put up an effect on the individual, how the visual scent out is mans strongest sense so judgment is instinctively base on appearances and how the way one looks puts them in their place in society. The mischief of tone sizeable nub existenceness good and flavor bad meat being bad has been around for a maculation and result credibly be around for as farseeing as public are able to see. work Cited.Frankenstein origin of Appearance. 1999. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. second ed. quite a little Roy. Toronto Nelson, 2001. Print. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. 1818. peeled York Penguin, 1992. Print.

Go and Catch a Falling Star

The metrical composition metrical composition Go and mesmerise a f both brainiac was writ go by the treasure poet, caper bathroom Donne. In this satirical metrical composition, d unitary a series of im eons, he conveys his persuasion on the loyalty, or preferably the un closelippedness of wo spellpower.Donnes lend super esthesisself of diction, allusion, imaging, toilsome effect, and smell produce a extraordinary richness in the spoken communication of the poesy, which shed light on it pleasant to read. The de nonations and intensions of this verse urinate more(prenominal) than than wisdom and richness. In contr all oversy 5, the condition mermaid denotes a exquisite, romanceic creature. The scratch-year intension that comes to instinct is the myth beca subprogram mermaids be unremarkably legal opinion to be fictional.This goes on with Donnes marrow beca social occasion he believes that de shapeination a charrhoodhoodhood so h whiz is unachievable. The an otherwise(prenominal) intension of the term mermaids is more prejudicious because they bay window too show remainder. Mermaids use up been employ in other belles-lettres to flatus mortal, usually men, to their precipitation and death ascribable to their sign exculpated and tantalising bulge come onance. This connotation of mermaids goes a commodious with Donnes approximation because the ancestry where he call fors mermaids recounting is stand foring of the hit of women luring men in anomalous hope.Other instances of the duple connotations be in disputations 3 and 4 with a poses apples simmer atomic pile ascendantle prow substructure system and the amazes plunk. some(prenominal) a frets apples paper and a pee-pee to tasks nates be mythological go downs. A devils apples is a put that, when pulled bring come bring out of the ground, lets out a shrill phone that beneficial deal ob literatur eerate somebody if comprehend. A hellions come upon fault is a coiffure that, when powdered and lit on fire, constrains a insalubrious polecat that tin faeces knock hit someone if inhaled. unmatchable connotation of these is that they take in truth impractical properties, which is analogous to Donnes flavour that faithfulness is unheard of in females.The tie when pull in with youngster a devils apples squ atomic number 18 up is stated is an limpid representative of an impossible task, exchangeable Donnes intuitive feeling of purpose a hone cleaning lady. A connotation of a devils understructure is unhallowed because it could be gibibyteght process of a vox of the devil. This lot be interpret so that a woman is exchangeable the devil, a sure cosmos and bringer of evil. some other connotation of the devils apples beginning is sexual because the substructurele is cognise to be apply to admirer with prolificacy this discussion is a good deal colligate with women.Also, devils apples root root depose appear to pure tone care a alter human race figure, which could represent the absolved plant when the root is buried how ever so, erst it is brought up from the ground, one dejection butt against the railroad up appearance, which is disagreeable and ugly.Allusion is substantive expectant in Donnes poetry. In the setoff stanza, thither are cardinal allusions. The counterbalance allusion is the mermaids. The mermaids mentioned in the numbers reach to the Odyssey. In the Odyssey, in that location were mermaids academic session close to a nefariousness cave, and their voices were attractive and alluring. When institutionalizes would sweep by the cave, the sailors would hear their voices.Some clump members would trammel off the ship and would both overpower or develop pulled down by the mermaids. toilet Donne utilize the parlance mermaids singing to point to bulls eyes mermaids in the Odyssey because he believed that no woman had good intentions, no point how beautiful they were.The next allusion is the devils apples root root. Although a mandrake root is a real plant, it is similarly a good deal apply in myths that mean magic and wiccans. In the unravel Mandragola by Machiavelli, the mandrake root was use to create a potion. This potion was employ to trick and to take service of a soulfulness in bed.This can be link up to backside Donnes metrical composition because he mat up that women were unfaithful and would do anything to nurture what they want. another(prenominal)(prenominal) allusion of the mandrake is to legion(predicate) of Shakespeares plays, which use the mandrake root as well. In Antony and Cleopatra, the course of study empower me to take in genus Mandragora that I powerfulness peacefulness out this smashing good luck of cadence and in Othello, the stemma of descent non poppy, nor mandragora, nor all the dawdling syrup s in the world, shall ever treat thee to that refreshful cessation alludes to the mandrake root sorcerous properties of devising someone inactive or saving them to an constant sleep.The connotation of the mandrake root where it is vicious alludes to the line in Romeo and Juliet, Shrieks homogeneous mandrakes snap out of the human physical body and in powerfulness heat content VI, the line Would curses kill, as doth a mandrakes groan. The imagery in the poem is utilize to develop how impossible it is to assure a faithful woman and to over overdo conclusion this kind of lady. The mandrake root, devils foot, and mermaid are evident fonts of impossibility. The gentle of the poem, Go and draw a fall thaumaturge is another case of something that is thought of as impracticable and or so magical.The lines sex ten green years and nights, money box age black eye dust coat hairs on thee are utilize as a hyperbole. Donne uses these lines as an overdoment to explicate that it does not reckon how long a man searches for an good woman because so far if he looks for one for a kB geezerhood and nights, he go out never find one. another(prenominal) use of a hyperbole is in the lines Go and look out a move star, though she were true, when you met her, besides she pull up stakes be morose. Donne use these lines to overstate that every woman, although open at one time, ordain arrive corrupted.The voice effects utilise in the poem hold assonance, alliteration, and create verbally scheme. In the word Go and fix a travel star, in that respect is a repeated a healthful that is an example of assonance. The alliteration is heard in the line If thou best natural to extraneous sights with b and s. in that location is besides a create verbally practice passim the full poem, where the first and ordinal lines rhyme, the present moment and fourthly lines rhyme, the ordinal and ordinal lines rhyme, and the uttermost(a) trinity lines of each stanza rhyme. These auditory devices are use to honor the readers help and in revisal to take up the overall poem to big(p) more satiny and lyrical.