French Revolution and Napoleon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

French Revolution and nap - demonstrate ExampleThe first and most important way in which he differed from the revolutionaries was that his idea of civil liberties was instead different from the ideals supported by them. He imposed strict controls over the press, used spying tactic on his own people to look for enemies within and even though he had made a civil code, he arrested people without having real causes and sent his enemies to jail without bringing proper charges or having trials (Spielvogel, 2005). In this manner, his actions were closer to the monarchical dust than revolutionary equality.This violation of rights continued as he revoked the Declaration of the Rights of universe and established a system of hereditary privilege which would essentially bring back monarchy to the country and its different principalities. The brothers of Napoleon were made the rulers of areas such as Spain, Holland, Warsaw, and Switzerland. His best generals were given hereditary titles whi ch made them immediate members of the nobility in France (Spielvogel, 2005). This was certainly a departure from the ideals of the revolution but Napoleon could do it because he was a dictator and he remained popular.In terms of religion, while the revolutionaries sought to break away from religion in all possible ways including changing the calendar and the number of days in a week, Napoleon saw no such need for removing the presence of the church from France. He made deals with the Catholic church which allowed him to consolidate his power and give some concessions to the church at the same time. Of course, he did not pilfer the land from the bourgeoisie to give back to the church but he did establish a system under which priests became government servants so they could receive a stipend from the national treasury to support their activities (Spielvogel, 2005).

Sexual Harassment at the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sexual Harassment at the Workplace - Essay ExampleMary makes the right decision to report the matter to the HR double-decker. Had she had inform the case to other authority directly the outcome would cause a tainted reputation for the company. The HR manager has an obligation of investigating the case and investigate the occurrences. Reporting to the HR is helpful in gauging the feign of the case considering Bobby and Marry had a relationship at one time. The HR manager has an obligation to understand a resolution of the matter in the best manner. The best resolution, for this case, maybe mediation. Mediation is the most worthy form of conflict resolution for this case because the company has a reputation to uphold to the public. If Bobby is guilty, the HR manager should ask Marty to report the matter to the authority, just in case there are future complications amidst the conflicting parties. The HR manager also needs to restore between Mary and Bobby for a sizable working en vironment. The HR department is in charge of regulating ethics at the places.

The Pianist (2002) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The pianist (2002) - Movie Review ExampleIn order to determine the films value, analysis allow be focused on three of the films pivotal elements directing, acting and music. It is through these elements wherein genius will find that the film is a work of Polanski above all. It reflected his style, his genius, faults and failures and everything in between in his blast to recreate the life and the sensibility of a martyred musician.The movie itself, its treatment of the story and the actors portrayal, presented the conductors interpretation of Wladyslaws experience in surviving the holocaust. Everytime he faced death, Szpilman survived because he was assimilated to the rectify society, he had friends, he had help, and he had his talents. The Jewish Police pushed him off the vehicle because he was a genius. then the Nazi soldier towards the end of the film helped him live because he was talented. The case would have been otherwise, had the Pianist been an common Jewish who is not assimilated in the Polish society.For instance, the set design for the film was entrusted to Allan Starski and Anna Sheppard, set design and overdress designer, respectively. Both of them worked for Steven Spielbergs opus, Schindlers List, of the same theme the Jewish experience under the Nazi atrocities. These 2 designers was able to reconstruct an era in their design that enabled the desired effect the progression of horror in such peaceful city. The sequencing of streets, the film color tones, costumes, they highlighted the threats, the establishment of the ghetto, the indiscriminate killing, mass deportation and magisterial experimental extinction of Jews. With the help of these designers, Polanski was able to superbly recreate not only the period but the accuracy of the systematic deterioration of the Jewish plight in Poland during the Nazi occupation from the building of the

Cost and Benefits of Inward Labour Migration to the United Kingdom Essay

Cost and Benefits of Inward Labour Migration to the United Kingdom - hear ExampleThis paper illustrates that the native universe becomes hostile because they have to compete for the minimal jobs opportunities with the immigrants. In addition, an sum up of immigrants leads to a restrained growth of labor cost. As for the current policy towards labor migration in the UK, it was storied that currently these police aim at discouraging labor migration to the UK, and so far the policies have been equal to decrease the number of net migration to the UK. Firstly, Hatton and Tani defined immigration as the process of going to live in a unconnected coun strain permanently. Secondly, immigrants are persons who go to live permanently in a unusual country. It is of an essence to acknowledge that there are cases of misappropriated immigration in the United Kingdom and the European region at large, but this present take aim will mainly ignore the existence of illegal immigrants in the UK. G reenaway and Nelson stated that inward labor migration to the United Kingdom has been facilitated by globalization, which encourages the movement of labor from one(a) region to another. In particular, as of 2010, immigrants in the UK made up ten percent of the entire UK population and currently, the number of international immigrants to the UK stands at 250,000. The Institute for Public Policy Research noted that the UK authorities try to control immigration into the country using a Point Based System that rationalizes the control of immigration. The arranging has five scores that include highly qualified personnel, skilled personnel with job offers in the UK, students, and temporary employees. However, the tier for less qualified personnel was recently suspended. It is crucial to note that immigrants are motivated to migrate to remote countries mainly because of prospects or possibilities of getting high paying jobs, and favorable tax and welfare systems in the foreign countrie s. Secondly, immigrants are motivated to migrate into foreign countries because of non-financial reasons that include better living standards in the foreign country, opportunities to study in the foreign countries, or an opportunity to rejoin other family members residing in the foreign countries

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Psychology - Essay ExampleThese children should be in school instead of working in a brothel and being abused by men and even women who ar old enough to be their parents or grandparents.The deeply rooted and far-flung sex tourism industry in Thailand is primarily to blame for the trafficking of women and children for the purpose of prostitution (2005 US division of State Trafficking in Persons Report). The boom in the sex tourism industry creates a huge expect for sex workers, which encourages traffickers and even parents to allow their children to take part in the industry. In most cases, the parents are condition substantial amount of money as advance payments for the labor of their children in the brothel. The advance payments are past considered as debts which must be paid within a period of time. Since Asian children, particularly those from Thailand conceive in honoring the debts of their parents, these young children are forced to work as sex workers to pay complete the debts of their parents. (US Department of State Human Rights Report (2005). Throughout the duration of their bondage in the brothel, these young women and children are made to coiffure as sex slaves and are made to take on as umteen as nine customers in a day (US Department of State Human Rights Report (2005). or so all of these women and children who work as sex slaves use drugs to keep them going through the night. For them, they simply do not have any choice but to use drugs to keep their energy up and serve more customers. Young children who are forced to work as sex workers are especially at risk of serious injuries and even death due to the abuse. The use of drugs and continued sexual abuse is insensate to say the least.Although a lot of people are aware that prostitution in rampant in many Asian countries especially in Thailand, most of these people turn a deaf ear. wherefore? First of all, these people are not really aware of the extent of the hardships that these women and children

Buddhist Scriptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhist Scriptures - Essay ExampleBuddha expects everyone to live and lead a happy and peaceful life. Buddhism does not entertain strange, unfounded beliefs and is not much concerned about what is happening over the sky. It addresses to the twenty-four hour period to day secular problems and the procedures to meet the challenges with equanimity, and with a confident mental poise. Buddha is an enlightened soul, and he has transcended the barriers of the mind and he dust in the state of bliss. His revelations (not t each(prenominal)ings) are delivered from the conflict-free zone, and hence they are divine-ordained, blemish-free and everlasting. He does not expect his followers to guess on blind faith, and advises them to put the individual experiences to test and find out the truth with own efforts.When he says that there are many Buddhas before me and there will be many Buddhas after me and each one of you have the intrinsic capacity to become Buddha, he means that the path of sel f-realization is realizable with ones individual efforts only. There are no shortcuts to attain that divine state, and get immunity from dualities. Buddhism prescribes twin goals for an individual. They are, to know self and to learn the teachings of Buddha. The ordinary nature of an individual relates to the gross traits like anger, fear, avariciously and other negative feelings. The other is the true nature (the divine one) that is wise, pure and perfect. That is the state of bliss and in terms of Buddhism it is called Buddha nature. The difference between the two natures is the former is the non-awakened state and the latter is the awakened state. In the Buddhist scriptures, one will find elaborate commentaries on profound topics and universal truths like, nothing is lost in the universe, everything changes, law of cause and effect, the four noble truths, etc. When one reads the variety of Buddhist Scriptures, they apparently out full of contradictions but their essence is th e same. Their perplexity is

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Ethics - Essay ExampleAristotle (cited by Kraut, 2007) describes ethics as endeavour to create the well-being of the human kind. In the modern context philosophers non only try to know how of ethics but also deliberate on their (why?) justifiability.While theologists do immutable doctrines rationalists have argued for ethics based on rational principles that can be studied in the reversibility criteria also. The ethics of religion are considered as divine commandments, whereas rational ethics are based on logic and reason. however earlier ethics can be dichotomised as those having their basis in feeling or intellect. The utility of ethics can be validated by the principle of utility (utilitarianism), practicableness (empiricism) and the rationality (rationality). Jeremy Bentham cited at (cited at philosopher.org) tries to attribute lessonity to happiness. Their validity of an act is found in the excellence of the act itself (inconsequentialism) or the goodness the act generate s (consequentialism). Nietzsche (cited at philosopher.org) relates it to a slave morality and master morality. just now since the times of Nietzsche are pass we need not induge in this dichotomy and we will study moral principle as one whole for the society. Though never have ethical notions earned oecumenical approval yet they have been they accepted but they have been agreed upon by majority of peck (Thiroux and Krasemann). The modern day national societies are governed by principles enshrined in constitutions, laws and generally acceptable codes of human conduct. Yet political and ethical rights activists are in constant mode of deliberation on issues like ending sentence, foeticide, abortion, and euthanasia.My code of ethics aims at the general good of individual and humanity. It tries to draw limits between what constitutes right and disparage in the society. All individuals lead a life of contentment and fulfilment. Adults above the age of age of 18 can get married bear c hildren.

Why abortion should be illegal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why abortion should be illegal - judge ExampleFor instance, in the UK it is legal for termination to be carried out up to 24 weeks of pregnancy. On the separate hand abortion in the United States is a highly-charged issue with significant political and ethical debate. Statistics appoint out that, in that location were 854,122 legal induced abortions reported to CDC in the US in 2003.If abortions are legal, there are several(prenominal) problems that can occur. For instance, the number of abortions can increase tremendously. In families where there is a sex bias, it can result in the termination of unwanted gender. Additionally, it can also result in youngsters acquire involved in unsafe sex. Though getting an abortion is a difficult decision to make, galore(postnominal) women take this decision under pressure. It is also an emotionally disturbing decision as the process requires the with child(predicate) women to go through a procedure where the fetus in the uterus is killed and extracted from their body. Abortion is a virtuously wrong decision and it affects society, families, and the individuals who allow the procedure to be done. It is distinguished to note that there are several methods to avoid pregnancy and people should adopt these methods to prevent pregnancy than to terminate it and thats why it should be illegal. Today, it is important to create awareness among the youth that abstinence from sex is a good option so that they would neer have to worry about experiencing an unwanted pregnancy.

Type Of Tax-Book Difference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Type Of Tax-Book Difference - Essay ExampleThe parting that can be deductible by the employer must not exceed 25% of employees total fee (Green, n.d., retrieved 07.09.06).The employer receives a assess deduction equaling his contribution in the employees defined contribution invent. The employees benefit from deduction of contribution from pre-tax salary, which enables them to save taxes and fund the retirement designing with the gross amount. The tax continues to be deferred until the plan is distributed and therefore there remain opportunities for fast investing fruit (Building Your solitude Funds, 2006).The advantages for defined contribution plan atomic number 18 that this plan allows the employees to save the tax payments until the plan is withdrawn, employees as well as benefit from employer contribution into the fund, the employees will have the opportunity after the retirement to either receive the inherent amount or a series of payment over their entire life etc. T he major advantage for employer underlying this plan is that it enables him to evade the risk on investment and also the burden of plan contribution is shared between the employer and the employees. Its major disadvantage is the complexity and strictness of the rules concerning the plan administration (Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans, 2005). Being the one who establishes the pension plan, an employer is expected to administer it and meet its requirements. The employer will monitor and supervise the investment poured into the plan and review the growth of funds. Moreover, he is also required to provide periodical information to the employees concerning the performance and status of the invested funds (Retirement Plan Basics, n.d. retrieved 08.09.06)The contribution on the part of employer is limited to a maximum of $40,000 or 25% of the employees compensation whereas, for the year 2006, the contribution by employees has been defined as limited to 100% of his compensation up to the maximum of $15,000 (Green, n.d., retrieved 07.09.06). The scattering from a defined contributed plan is not allowed whilst the employee is still working. However, when this distribution takes place, it is taxed as an ordinary income. The Internal Revenue Service states the minimum age limit for pension plan distribution as 70-1/2 years, from which the employees should start withdrawing the funds. The distribution is not allowed before the employees reach the age of 59-1/2. If it is done, the investment would be subjected to an early-withdrawal penalty of 10% (Retirement Planning, 2006). The financial statements of XYZ Corporation should include a statement of unclutter assets available for benefits at the end of the plan year. Moreover, the company also needs to present a statement of changes in net assets available for the benefits at the same time. Also, the GAAP requires the financial statements to be prepared under the accrual basis so as to ease the evaluation of plan as sets composition (Defined Contribution Pension Plans, 2005)REQUIREMENT 2Type Of Tax-Book DifferenceThe discrepancies in the rules and principles set down for financial reporting and tax accounting exit to significant differences in the tax amounts shown in financial statements and the tax returns. These differences are known as the book-tax differences, which are further classified as either temporary or permanent tax differences (Michel, 2005).Permanent tax difference originates when an income or expense amount needs to be recognized by any of the 2 methods but not by both of

Response Sheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response Sheet - Essay faceAlthough the main intention of the author was to see the full moon rise, he was attracted so much by the scenic beauty of Navajo that he could not believe what he was experiencing was real. The author reveals his excitement by stating that only Navajo dwellings face east. He is so much swayed by the nearby surroundings that he likewise camped facing the East. When he saw a Navajo girl herding a flock of sheep, he could not jibe expressing his feelings towards the dress and ornaments that she wore. He also finds a woolly dog to be different than others under the modulate of the moonlit night. Indicating his state as almpst hypothised by the opitate environment, the author himself is unsure whether the girl or the dog that he saw were an illusion or he was really experiencing something different. It was so strong that he compares himself with the wizard of Stonehenge time lag eagerly to see the full moon rise, tempted with the charm and the scenic beaut y of the location, the author is filled with boot and excitement. Illustratively, he could not restrict himself questionning Has the Navajo medicine men contrived this for our benefit? (Young

SSK 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SSK 12 - Essay ExampleSpeaking specifically of education and learning, I can once again safely say that I have a very divers(a) understanding and this is simply because, although the most significant years of my life were spent in Lebanon, I am Australian born and I did choose to continue my education here once I came back. So, make up when it comes to education and learning, I have two very varied perspectives. My initiation apparent horizon has touched all part of my life, especially my perspective on education and learning.In order to understand how the world view affects us we must first understand what the term signifies Hobson puts it best when she says, a set of beliefs that we hold and by which we organise our understanding of ourselves and our understanding of others. (Hobson, p. 2). Try thinking of it this way throughout our lives we collect values and experiences and view them in a box. At a later point when we come across an obstacle, event or any mail service as such, we open that box and relate our past perceptions to the new situation. How we deal with the situation is directly related to how our world view has been previously shaped. It can be further described as a kind of overreaching philosophy that is used to construct social worlds. There is no discuss attempt on anyones part to create a world view of their own liking. This is almostthing they unconsciously learn throughout their lives (Samovar & Porter, p.103).Education and learning is thus no different our view of this is also intertwined with world view. A persons emotions, cultural affinity, beliefs, locality etcetera, all affect learning in some way or the other. A guide to learning independently further addresses this aspect when it talks rough the concept of the self and in particular the physical and emotional self, the cultural and social self, and ones surroundings and

Personal finances Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal finances - duty assignment Example braggart(a) info make it able to carry out the analysis for the reason of put together a photograph of an event or person from pieces of data that were scattered across other databases. correspond to Moffitt (pg.3), Big entropy is a repository for multi-structure information and enables making inferences from correlations that small databases cannot do. Moffitt (pg.9) said that Big Data has enabled large web IT firms ilk IBM, Google, Yahoo and Amazon to store and get useful data from Big Data.Big Data can exist in the form of large structured information like relational data, semi-structured information like data that one tags with XML or unstructured data like textbook and video. The largest chance of harnessing Big Data is represented by unstructured data which forms the largest proportion of existing data (Moffitt, pg.11). For instance, using textual information presents many chances to realize patterns, writing styles and hidden themes.In conclusion, Big Data is a database that can bring huge profitability to businesses. Business enterprises should evolve their accounting models to focus on data content and data linkages. Accounting standards of firms have to deal with data of large databases and allowable sets of

Undergraduate Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Undergraduate - Research Proposal Example plot of ground looking at evolution of mammals, keen focus give be set on the GSD, (Genetic rouse Determination). The purpose of this research is to dig deeper into the behavior of the conserved sex determination genes in mammals. By investigation on this, findings could be used to develop an evolution pathway. This way, analysis on patterns of the mammal and birds gene phylogenesis can be determined. I have decided to use an approach that investigates every sex-determination gene in the different species. Comparisons and behavior relations are observed to determine where each gene differs from each early(a) (Haag & Doty, 3).The project leave first proceed by gene collection. Types of the collected genes will go further into the different sex determination genes. For instance, while studying the genes involved in the sex determination process, the somatics will be studied different from the germ-line, focusing on the behavior of each un der its classification. Study of these genes will be conducted for mammals and birds and chosen vertebrates of interest.For the vertebrates, the master genes for the sex determinants must be identified. In most of the mammals these genes are indicated in the Y-chromosomes. Alongside this, the NM accession number is to be determined and the knowledge of the longest transcript. This way a sex determining loci can be observed. A complete nucleotide has significant impact on the study of evolutionary impact of sequential pathways. DNA sequences tend to have information about the accentuate of a certain species gene. Study on the rate of variations in genomes and relation to environment and population helps to latch on a conclusion on the relation between the gene sequences and their evolution.So as to effectively disassemble the sequence alignments for quality control, analysis of the palms would be conducted. This type of analysis enables one to determine the protein

Diabetes Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diabetes - Annotated Bibliography causeThe findings attribute a studyity of socioeconomic burden in the society to this observation, noting it as a major cause of premature mortality. To the patients, the risk of retinopathy, neurological conditions and renal failure constantly looms. In spite of broad critical findings on the negative impact of diabetes in the society and acknowledging the need to prioritize public wellness control programs, the queryers fail to give recommendations to curb its effects as contrasted to the subsequent articles by Goyder, Simmons and Gillett (2010) and Malkawi (2012) hereafter.The researchers from the University of Sheffield appreciate the splendour of diabetes prevention in reducing morbidity and mortality, and in this study they collect data from national indemnity documents in the UK to determine the persons charged with preventing diabetes. The evidence found point out at community train intervention as more effective than individual based approach with much synergy discovered for diabetes prevention and other major public health priorities, just as indicated in the preliminary research by Dieren et al. (2010), including obesity prevention, socioeconomic inequality, reducing chronic diseases and climate change. Even though the study was imprisoned within the UK hence unreliable to imply to the whole global population as contrasted to the previous article, it gives an significant insight that prevention programs should be aimed at the larger population other than at individuals.Malkawi, A. M. (2012). The effectiveness of natural activity in preventing type 2 diabetes in high risk individuals using well-structured interventions a regular review. Journal of Diabetology, 2(1), 1 18.This research acknowledges the burden of type 2 diabetes as articulated in the previous two research studies and as such evaluates the effectiveness of physical activity in curbing diabetes spread. It aims at

Art History Comparison of Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali and Research Paper

Art History relation of Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali and Better Homes, Better Gardens by Kerry crowd Marshall - Research news report ExampleFor many artists, the inspiration for their produces stems from the things that they know or have experience with. Salvador Dali included the cliffs of his good Catalan Coast in many of his word-paintings, including his most notorious Persistence of Memory, not altogether because they were a landscape feature he was intimately familiar with, but also because they helped to represent the dichotomy of meat he wished to convey in his artwork. In a similar way, the African-American artist Kerry James Marshall has worked to include his own experience and background into his paintings in such a way that they work to provide a meaningful background to his subjects, adding subtleties of meaning to the overall work that helps to portray his idea of what the painting is attempting to say.In both works of art, the background plays a large role in establishing the meaning of the work. Although the Catalan cliffs might not have the same impact on an uninformed viewer than they would have on someone who is intimately familiar with the changing faces of these cliffs as the sunlight plays across their face, they nevertheless add a nuance of meaning to Persistence of Memory that might otherwise be lost, especially for individuals who have seen them first-hand or know anything about the background of the artist. For Dali, the cliffs of the background represented the physical equivalent of his principle of paranoiac metamorphosis. Dali is quoted as saying All the images capable of being suggested by the complexity of their innumerable irregularities appear successively and by turn as you change your position. This was so objectifiable that the fishermen of the region had since time immemorial baptized each of these noble conglomerations the camel, the eagle, the anvil, the monk, the dead woman, the lions head. I discover ed in this perpetual disguise the profound meaning of that modesty of nature which Heraclitus referred to in his enigmatic phrase Nature likes to conceal herself. (Descharnes & Neret 1994 p. 171).

Asian American Literature Essay Example for Free

Asian American Literature EssayThe stereotype created of Japanese men as host foes combined nationalism with racism. Since their physique has always been considered small, the danger from the Japanese was perceived to come from the Japanese Superman, have of uncanny discipline and fighting skills. Films, often punctuated with racial slurs, were quick to paint Japans artifice in battle, its brutality, and disregard for international rules of war. These stereotypic images carried over to Japanese-American men surfaceside the context of the war.Pearl make and the war years enabled Hollywood to revive the yellow peril characteristics and the fear of miscegenation. By the end of the war, Americans had knowledgeable to associate brutality and treachery with a Japanese face. Caricatures of the Japanese were found in the cartoons of the period. Warner Brothers, Looney Tunes, created a duck version of The Jap who had glasses, buckteeth and cries oh sorry, sorry, sorry (with slurred rs). They also created Tokyo Jokio and Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips. The toothed Japanese became a standard cartoon figure. Max Fleischer created a Popeye the Sailor cartoon entitled Youre A Sap, Mr. Jap, which is a song Popeye sings over and over. This cartoon showed the Japanese deceiving Popeye, causing him to cry out righteously Double-Crossing Japanese The portrayal of women during this period fared no better. The common stereotype was the Dragon Lady, geisha girl Girl, and Tokyo Rose, who had a penchant for White men, dressed in tight dresses, and bodies on display.They are sly, cruel, foreign sex objects, or subservient and hardworking. Shirley Geok-Lin Lim, in Feminist and Ethnic Literary Theories in Asian American Literature comments on how the image of Japanese-American women usually remains on the margin, invisible, mute or constrained to contain stereotypic images of passion. The media played on these stereotypes to sell misleading images to audiences, who wanted enterta inment that was different from their normal lives and were impulsive to see and accept anything exotic.The stereotypes of Japanese and Japanese-American women were pervasive in the media because the media perpetuated these stereotypes through their portrayal of Japanese and Japanese-Americans. Unfortunately, for some, they still poke out over in the perceptions of the American people. Japanese-Americans are challenging the stereotypical images of the past and have made a voice for themselves in American society. They are fighting against the persistent racism and sexism against themselves by establishing a centripetal identity as Americans and monitoring the medias representations.Although ethnic stereotyping is less common today than it was in the nett century, it persists. The images are not so obviously offensive consequently, many people do not be intimate them as stereotypes. In terms of dramatic expression, then, the Japanese demand labors under a heavy burden. If it port rays sense within the traditional Japanese framework, it may achieve authenticity, but the effect is old-fashioned. If it portrays emotion within the western sandwich framework, it comes across as meretricious and unconvincing.Films that try to blend the two modes often end up antiquated and unconvincing. Yet in animation, which lacks visual realism and features de-Japanized characters to begin with, the expression of emotion paradoxically takes on a much convincing sense of reality. This may explain why most of the serious and ambitious film efforts have used the vehicle of gum anime. Given the serious dramatic deficiency, Japanese live-action films can no continuing tackle any serious or profound subject matter.In the context of contemporary Japanese film, then, anime often conveys a greater sense of reality than live-action films. The thin, insubstantial reality of animated film, that is to say, is more alive literally, more animated than the flesh-and-blood reality. And i f anime is perceived as more real (i. e. , closer to personal reality) than live-action, this means that, increasingly, anime embodies the Japanese consciousness of reality. The Japanese conception of reality is undergoing a process of animation.The show up of anime as well as manga is a cultural by-product of modern Japans tendency to fire modernization and Westernization while rejecting its history and traditions. A medium that fuses elements of East and West, and lacks a clear national identity, could be considered international in a certain sense, and this is doubtless a major reason why anime has so many fans overseas. But the current state of affairs, in which anime represents the mainstream of Japanese cinema, is by no means desirable, inasmuch as it signifies an ever-widening gap between physical reality and peoples conception of it.

Mexican-American Assimilation at the Turn of the 20th Century Essay Example for Free

Mexican-American Assimilation at the Turn of the 20th hundred EssayThe first major wave of Mexican immigration during the twentieth century triggered physical as well as verbal attacks by white Americans. Immigrant labor camps were raided by whites espousing white supremacist beliefs. By 1911 reliable politicians lobbied against further Mexican immigration. The Dillingham Commission argued that Mexicans were undesirable as future citizens. Nativist scholars and politicians feared mongrelization as a by-product of contact with Mexicans, and in 1925 a Princeton economics professor even spoke of the future elimination of Anglo Americans by interbreeding with Mexicans (Feagin and Feagin, p. 265).These themes reemerged in 1928 when a congressional committee attempted to set limits on immigration from the westward hemisphere. Congressman John Box called for restrictions on Mexican immigration because the Mexican was a product of miscellany by the Spaniard and low-grade Indians. Thi s mixture, according to Boxer, was an obstacle to participation in American democracy. The ensure of the Mexican American male possessing innate criminal tendencies emerged during the World War II era.For example, in 1943, following the Zoot crusade Riots, the Los Angeles Sheriffs incision issued a report alleging that the Mexican Americans desire to spill blood was an inborn characteristic. Further, the report concluded that Mexican Americans were violent because of their Indian blood (Feagin and Feagin, 265). And as late as 1969, a California judge belief in an incest case reiterated similar racist beliefs. He stated in court Mexican populate think it is perfectly all right to act like an animal. We ought to send you out of this country.You are take down than animals maybe Hitler was right. The animals in our society probably ought to be destroyed (Feagin and Feagin, p. 266). One of the most persistent stereotypes is the image of simplemindedness. In 1982 the U. S. Departm ent of Defense issued a report explaining that lower test scores for Hispanics and African Americans as compared to white Americans were due to genetic differences as well as cultural differences.During the same year, the National educational Testing Service, surprised by the excellent performance of 18 Mexican American students attending Garfield racy School (a school situated in one of Los Angeles poorest Mexican American communities), demanded that all retake the exam. Allegations of deceiver by the students was the reasoning of the testing administrators. The students eventually did re-take the exam once again they received excellent scores. another(prenominal) Immigrants Mexicans and the Dillingham Commission of 1907-1911 http//www. jstor. org/stable/10. 5406/jamerethnhist. 30. 2. 0033 Biological Superiority of Whites.http//www. princeton. edu/tleonard/papers/retrospectives. pdf John Boxs Proposed Immigration Limitations http//www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/disp_textbook. cfm? smtID=3psid=594 Zoot Suit Fights http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/zoot/eng_sfeature/sf_press_text_04. html Mexican immigration general info http//www. jstor. org/stable/981093 Gutierrez, David. 1993. Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the history of the American West. Western Historical Quarterly (24)4. http//www. jstor. org/stable/2702497? seq=3 THIS ONE IS MONEY.

Brief discussion of Western Civilization Essay Example for Free

Brief discussion of westmostern acculturation EssayA civilization is usually marked by a growth that can tilt the ways of the people in a specific time frame and the effect after that. The express growth is perfectly exemplified in the western civilization. The Western culture is greatly affected by the highlights of the history. It is influenced by some ideas from the East. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians took part in the encounter of the Greeks and the Persian Empire. Hebrews organize the belief in a wiz god which is known as the Hebrew monotheism. Still, during the Classical Age of Greece, the Greeks nurtured the social, political and religions aspects of the West. Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, Aristotle and Herodotus were among the few who formed the cornerstones of Greek lit timecy. Athens followed a democratic civilization while the state of Sparta was a disciplined one. The period was predated by the Hellenistic period in which Greeks and Macedonians built king doms after conquering the Persian Empire. During this era, women played roles in politics.The rise of science, culture and arts came into existence. By 8th Century B. C, Rome was brought about by Latin-speaking people. Octavian support in transforming a government system of a republican institution. The Roman Empire grew became known as one of the largest in the world. Languages in Rome in the present time like French, Spanish, Latin and Lusitanian were strongly based on Latin. The Roans concocted a rich culture in law, language and engineering as well. After 200 years, it came to a decline and paved way to the period of Early Middle Ages.The era gave birth to the widespread Religion of Christianity through the works of Paul of Tarsus. Germanic kingdoms as well as became apparent in the part of Western Europe. The Carolingian Empire was ruled by Charlemagne, a brood of a Germanic tribe who accepted Christianity. Traditions from the classical age, the Germanic tribes and Christian ity merged to give identity to the new civilization of Europe. This was imperil by Vikings and Muslims. Fortunately, the civilization was kept intact. By the dawn of the 9th and 10th century, agricultural production was heightened.Trade was similarly established along with changes in the technology during the High Middle Ages. Cities and banks were also present. When the 14th Century came, the West was plagued by the Black Death. It caused the fall of trade and instigated the difference of the upper and lower classes. A war which ran for a hundred years between the English and the French rattled the political status of Europe. Papacy was also affected in Rome when conflicts between popes occurred. solely these are reflected in the arts during the period.Soon after, the reincarnation period which is dubbed as the time for reconstruction created new ways for the West. It was made evident that the Catholic church building is a very important institution. The Western civilization fac ed rises and falls caused by wars, invaders and other factors. All the events contributed on what the West has in the present civilization today.References A Review of Western Civilization. Retrieved August 14, 2010 from http//www. wadsworth. com/history_d/templates/student_resources/0534600085_spielvogel/VolumeIIto1550. hypertext markup language

King Lear Paper Essay Example for Free

index Lear Paper EssayShakespeares bet tycoon Lear documents the life-time a man who experiences a dramatic shift in worldview. The main character, King Lear, begins the play as a self-centered, proud, and significantistic man who cares less about his family than his reputation. By the end of the story, Lear is a humbled man who cares for his family more than his previously precious power. Lears strife broke him down until he was fin tout ensembley able to let go of his old perceptions and adopt a better outlook on life. Shakespeare chronicles Lears variety show from selfish to caring through with(predicate)out the course of the story, and shows how the hardest of times can actually submit out the best in a person.Lears old worldview places more importance on superficial, material things than on sincere and important values. At the starting of the play, Lear was very concerned with maintaining his vast wealth, status, and power. When Lear was dividing up his state amon g his three daughters, he gave the intimately land to the daughters who flattered him the approximately. Lear welcomed the flattery because it make him encounter like a steady and powerful king. When Lears eldest daughters, Goneril and Regan, flattered him the most, Lear split the kingdom between them because they do him feel powerful. Lear completely ignore and actually disowned his youngest daughter Cordelia because she refused to falsely over-flatter the king.Cordelia was but being honest in her modest praises of the king, but Lear precious to hear more about how great of a ruler he was. So, when Cordelia didnt make Lear feel big enough, he undermined even his so-called strong family values and disowned his favorite child. At this point in the play, Lear didnt have a strong grasp on the important things in life, like authorized relationships or truthfulness and loyalty. King Lear tells Cordelias prospective husband to leave her, sir for, by the power that made me, I tell you all her wealth (1.1.207) Lear means that Cordelia is not worth anything anymore because she has inherited no land in the kingdom. This goes to show how much importance Lear places on material possessions, because he calls his daughter nugatory when she owns no land.King Lears humbled worldview at the end of the play is miles different than from the materialistic worldview he abided by before. Throughout the course of play, Lears troubles taught him to value people more than physical things. Lear ended up losing all of his land, money and power- the three things that were most important to him at the start of the story. Lear was left with nothing that made him the man his old ideals told him to be, so he had to shift his values to fit his modernistic predicament. This shocking change forced Lear to humble himself and focus on the lasting things in life, namely relationships. As the play unfolded, Lear mat up more and more remorse for disowning Cordelia, because he realized how important family really was. Lear said of his regret, I am a very foolish fond old man (4.7.24).He came to realize his preceding choice to place more importance on false flattery than strong family ties was a melancholy mistake. In an attempt to right his past wrongs, Lear changed his philosophy to one that cared more about maintaining strong relationships than an stately reputation. This new philosophy was one that cared more about Cordelia than Goneril, Regan, and their ensemble, because Cordelia was a genuine and honest girl. The new philosophy explains why King Lear spent so much time at the end of his life apologizing to Cordelia and assay to spend time with her. Lear knew that Cordelia was the most clear woman in his life, so he sought to commute his relationship with her. This new philosophy made Lear a loyal, honest, and humbled man- very different than the Lear in the beginning of the play. Lears new philosophy benefitted him by making him a more moral person, and it benefittied those around him because everyone got to act with a much more pleasant Lear.Shakespeare intentionally wrote King Lears change from the old philosophy to the new philosophy to teach the reader a lesson about human reputation. Lear was extremely proud at the beginning of the play, and the burning fire of his hubris was fueled by the gasoline of his wealth, power, and status in the kingdom. Not until Lear was robbed of all of his physical possessions and meaningless status did he start to care about more important things. Lear flash rock bottom as he wandered through the woods without love, land, money, power, or trust. Only when his material place failed him did Lear think to look for solace in wholesome ideals such as love, family closeness, and honesty.These things made up the new philosophy that Shakespeare revealed in King Lear by the end of the play. The adoption of this new worldview somewhat redeemed the Kings unforgivable actions taken at the beginning of th e play, and made him a more lovable and virtuous man. Shakespeare obviously favored the new Lear over the old, selfish Lear this is a comment on human nature in general. Proud and superficial people have to experience hard times in enounce to experience the cathartic cleansing that allows them to refocus their priorities in life. Lear went through just such an experience, and he became a better man because of it.King Lear is a character that many readers of Shakespeare can relate too. Lear had his priorities in life very confused. At first, he valued things that werent important, such as land, money, and power. When Lear was robbed of these things, he realized just how unreliable it is to place so much importance on physical items that can easily be taken away. What really matters in life are relationships, honesty, love, and morals. Lear learned this after he lost everything. He realized that he could be happy even without anything physical to comfort him, because many times the m ost important things in life cant be seen. This new philosophy of Lears carried his through the hard times he experienced in the play and allowed him to die happier than he wouldve had he put away followed the old philosophy. Lears shift in perspectives is an example that Shakespeare encourages everyone to follow in order to live the most genuine and satisfying life possible.

Faustus and Conflict Essay Example for Free

Faustus and Conflict EssayChristopher Marlowes form Doctor Faustus presents a story that is filled with sundry(a) forms of significant philosophical conflict. objet dart, on the surface, the act as is intended to focus on the form of Faustus fortunes, the scope of the race includes commentary on several other crucial themes (Prologue.8). Marlowe functions Faustuss position to demonstrate a sharp blood in the midst of the values of the medieval conviction period with the developing values associated with the Renaissance movement.Faustuss story shows a direct conflict between the traditional and the modern in its form, its ideology, and its view of religion. Since Marlow maintains an ongoing shinny between these sundry(a) elements throughout the play, a struggle in any case exists between the tragic and comedic elements of the story. Marlowes ambiguity toward the primary rush of the play creates a situation in which the final purpose of the plays comedic scenes rema ins uncertain even after(prenominal) Faustuss final moments.The content of Faustuss story superficially focuses on Faustuss struggle to maintain control over the batch of his deliver soul. Faustuss desire to let a mighty god leads him to rush a deal with ogre, in which he exchanges his soul for twenty four years of demonic power (1.62). Throughout the play Faustus struggles with repentance and disbelief, and he is eventually condemned to Hell for his actions. Symbolically, Faustuss story is more appropriately a representation of the struggle, evident during Marlowes time period, between the traditional ideas of the medieval period and the modern ideas of the Renaissance.This conflict is evident within the first few lines of the play. Marlowe begins the play by having Faustus announce that he has given up on the traditional schools of thought, such as the study of religion, law, and medicine. Instead, he plans to study that damned art of necromancy or black magic (2.29). Whil e traditional medieval thought back up the unquestioning acceptance of ancient philosophy, Renaissance thought encouraged experimentation and a rethinking of previously accepted beliefs. While Faustuss actions may show his support of these Renaissance beliefs, his ultimate demise suggests that Renaissance thought may also be imperfect because it does not include a belief in God.This dualism between modern and traditional thought is also evident in the anatomical structure of the play. Marlowe employs elements that would be common in most traditional plays, such as the use of a chorus. He also uses mythical comparisons, depicting Faustus as another Icarus, a man who pull up stakes eventually befool above his reach (Prologue.21). Faustus is also depicted as a tragically flawed character. Faustus is portrayed by the Chorus as being swollen with cunning (Prologue.20).Like Achilles, Hercules, or other traditional Grecian heroes, Faustus has a character flaw that will mostly likely l ead to his demise, plainly the eternal damnation of Faustus, to the Elizabethan audience, would be the equivalent of damning great Greek heroes, and thus creates artificial traditional expectations of the play. Simultaneously, Marlowe also ignores many of the important characteristics of traditional tragedies. While most tragedies depict historically important characters, Faustuss story is a tale of an ordinary man, not of the courts of kings or the pomp of proud audacious deeds (Prologue.4-5). By guidance on the common man and also by writing in blank verse, a name that was uncommon during this period, Marlowe breaks away from the traditional expectations of a tragic play.Faustuss view of religion also constantly vacillates between a traditional acceptance of Christianity and a modern rejection of it. When Faustus initially reads that the reward of sin is death, and that if we say we that we wee no sin, / We deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us he suggests that Chris tianity is a egotistic endeavor and decides that What will be, shall be Divinity, adieu (1.40-43, 48). He mistakenly characterizes Christianity as being based on punishment rather than on forgiveness, a mistake that he repeats throughout the play.Later, he believes his heart has become so hardened that he cannot repent (5.196). While he initially suggests that Hell is nothing but a fable, Faustuss religious convictions continue to grow. Upon seeing Lucifer and Mephistopheles, he cries out, O Faustus, they are come to experience thy soul and even murmurs Consummatum est, marrow it is finished, which were Christs dying words on the cross, after signing his deal with Lucifer (5.264, 74).In this manner, Marlowe remains ambiguous throughout most of the play as to his position on the various conflicts he has depicted. For the audience, Faustus position as a modern man and Marlowes portrayal of religion remain in doubt. For this reason, the comedic scenes also remain ambiguous throughou t the play. The audience remains uncomfortably unsure as to whether the drollery is intended to garner support for Faustus as the ultimate hero of the story or to mock Faustus by foreshadowing his own demise. The conclusion of the play demonstrates that the comedy depicted in the play, in addition to its mental representation purpose of providing a comedic interlude, provides a critical depiction of Faustuss fall from grace.One of the first comedic scenes in the play occurs when Faustus asks the demon Mephistopheles to reappear in the habit of a mendicant since that holy shape becomes a rally best (3.26). While the depiction of a devil in the garb of a Catholic friar would have undoubtedly been hysterical to Marlowes staunchly Protestant audience, the scene also carries significant meaning. By having Mephistopheles block out his true figure, Faustus, despite his fearless speech, seems unable to stomach the true nature of Hell. Even when Mephistopheles seems to warn Faustus that his own pride and insolence have forever barred him from the face of heaven and that he is now torture with ten thousand hells, Faust clings to his own diluted version of Hell (3.67-68, 79). He delusionally envisions Hell as a continuation of an earthly existence, and criticizes Mephistopheles for his lack of manly fortitude (3.85).The comedy within the play is continued by the antics of the characters Wagner, Robin, Rafe, and the Clown. Most of these comedic actions seem to foreshadow Faustuss own downfall. The first depiction of Wagner and the Clown mirrors Faustus signing his soul over to Lucifer. During this scene, Wagner convinces the Clown to become his servant for seven years, and the Clown jokes about how he would sell his soul for a shoulder of well-seasoned mutton.While represented in a comedic fashion, this scene foreshadowing the triviality of the power Faustus has obtained in exchange for his soul. As suggested by Mephistopheless unwillingness to discuss things that a re against our kingdom, Faustus soon discovers that there are painful limitations placed upon the power wielded by Lucifer and his minions (5.247).In another comedic scene involving these characters, Robin, the stable hand, and Rafe steal a cup from a tavern and are pursued by the tavern wine-maker. Robin summons Mephistopheles to scare off the vintner, and is chastised by the demon for being summoned for a mulish joke. Mephistopheles threatens to turn the two men into a shack and an ape. While Mephistopheles is obviously angered by the triviality of Robins request, his anger also reflects his own suggestion that Faustus relinquish his frivolous demands (3.81). This scene foreshadows how Faustus will eventually abandon his own lofty goals and will also use his power primarily to play practical jokes.Much of the comedy in the play is related to the divergence of Faustuss goals and the ways in which he employs his power. Faustus begins the play with many lofty goals. With his po wers, Faustus plans to have spirits bring him jewels from almost the world, teach him vast secrets of the universe, and make him king of Germany.He planed to change the course of the Rhine River and remake the entire map of Europe. Initially, Faustus appears to be on the path toward reaching these goals. Wagner tells how Faustus has ridden through the cosmos on the back of a flying lizard learning the secrets of astronomy from Mephistopheles. But Faustus quickly losses momentum, and, upon reaching Rome, decides to use his power to play practical jokes on the Pope. While this idea would, once again, be extremely funny to Marlowes Protestant audience, it represents the beginning of Faustuss digression.As time progresses, Faustuss audiences also decrease in their level of importance. Following his time with the Pope, one of the most prestigious figures during this time period, Faustus meets the German Emperor Charles V, who is also an important figure but not as important as the Pop e. During this meeting, Faustus, unable to fulfill the requests made by Charles due to more limitations on his powers, embarrasses a undutiful knight in the Kings court by placing antlers on his head. This digression continues as Faustus final audience is with a simple nobleman and his wife. Faustuss display of power consists of fetching out of season grapes for the noblemans wife. The comedy during these scenes primarily includes a practical joke Faustus plays on a horse-courser. Like Robin and Rafes practical joke, Faustus now uses his power to play jokes on people his has already angered.Like many other aspects of the play, the comedy depicted by Faustuss piecemeal demise also remains ambiguous. For many, this demise can be seen as a failure in Renaissance thought. Faustuss search for power and knowledge has left him disconnected from God, the ultimate source of both. By not including God or morality in his search for truth, Faustus has become corrupted by the influences of pow er and no longer retains his somewhat nobler purposes.But Faustus also simultaneously fails in his attempts to incorporate a more traditional view of religion into his life. He recalls that Christ did call the thief upon the cross, believing that he too will be brought into paradise. Faustus, particularly during his last hours on Earth, seems to exhaust every possibility of incorporating religion into his life. He offers to make deals with God, begs for mercy if not redemption, and even turns to Helen of Troy, a representation of feminine virtue or Mother Mary, for reprieve. Faustuss odium demonstrates how Faustus has been simultaneously failed both by traditional religion and by the beliefs held by modern Renaissance thinkers.In conclusion, the comedy within this play serves a variety of purposes. Like many of the other elements in the play, the derisory and tragic elements seem to struggle with one another throughout the play. This struggle is also seen in Faustuss struggle betw een Renaissance thought and form and a more traditional view of life and religion. When bring together with these various forms of conflict, the comedic scenes within Doctor Faustus cause the play to constantly waver between tragedy and comedy, passing the audience without any knowledge of how the play will eventually end or of the true meaning of the play. Most of the comedy seems to mock Faustuss decision to embrace a modern philosophy toward life, but, when religion ultimately fails him as well, Faustus seems to be a completely hopeless representation of man. The plays comedic scenes are another method, employed by Marlowe, to create confusion and veil the true significance of the play.

Has Our Political System Succeeded Essay Example for Free

Has Our Political System Succeeded EssayThe governmental system began with the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 1776. After that document the Articles of union came out, which were adopted in 1777. The Articles of Confederation was the first attempt to set up a regimen in the US. Then our Constitution came out in 1787,it was made into three plans the Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, and then the computed tomography compromise. Four things our Constitution accomplished were indirect democracy, limited government, checks and majority rule, and an outline of what the different branches of government do. The US two main parties are Republican and Democrat. The Democratic Party was founded in 1828, and the Republican party was founded in 1854. Our semi policy-making system has succeeded in m whatever forms. One form would be our checks and balances within the federal government and on a local level. Provisions have been improved over the years to r egulate meet placement of funds and equal rights to citizens. The origin of our political system begins with congress. The main responsibilities of congress are do laws, overseeing the FBI and CIA, casework, representing their districts, setting an agenda, and conflict resolution.Our society has relied upon a bicameral system, where there have been a House of Representatives and a Senate. Some of the responsibilities of the House of Representatives include reviewing bills and beginning the impeachment process. The Senates duties include giving advice and consenting on treaties, conducting impeachment trials, and appointing upper-level juridical officers. Where I feel our political system has not d unrivaled so well is with bureaucrats. Bureaucracy has nigh positive aspects like specialization, making sure rules and regulations are carried out, and neutrality. There are two types of bureaucrats.The first one is a civil servant who is hired based on merit, and the second one is a political appointee who is selected based on whom they know. It is a common issue that bureaucrats are given too a great deal power and that they abuse those powers, which causes flaws in our political system. It does, however, seem that bureaucrats are vital for the functioning of any political system they are generally not well liked, though. Several attempts to remedy bureaucracy have been made, such as the Sunshine laws, which are laws that dictated that agencies have to be conducted in the public eye.Privatization is another reform where the government turns over more jobs to private sectors. A good change for our society was when the Government mathematical operation and Results Act of 1997 were introduced. This sought to improve governmental efficiency by making agencies describe their goals and create mechanisms for evaluating their goals. Overall, our political system has proven to be stable and has succeeded. Of course, there are going to be positive and damaging aspe cts, but, at the end, for what our nation has had to deal with in the past 228 years, we have done far better than any other country.

The Value of Philosophy Essay Example for Free

The Value of Philosophy EssayThesis story According to Russell, the value of philosophical system is that it frees our mind to think of former(a) possibilities unlike cognition which whitethorn append us definite answers, barely does not deal with other aspects of human soul. Russell described practical hands as individuals who only recognize material needs for the body, but not goods for the mind where the value of philosophy can be found. Russell is pertaining to the knowledge that can be achieved through the study of philosophy. This knowledge is different from what science can study or tell. Science can provide definite answers, but philosophy may not. Although, philosophy can deal with questions with no definite answers (Russell). Philosophy has uncertainty in answering questions, but it allows for more consideration of the question, its importance, and extends the limitations of what are already answered by science and because of this uncertainty, we find the value of philosophy (Russell). given(p) all the definite answers we have and needed, we tend not to raise questions, doubts, or think of other possibilities but with philosophy or through philosophizing, we are able to think of other possible consequences or problems that may arise. Our thoughts are freed and liberated. It increases are knowledge through the reduction of dogmatism because dogmatism reduces ability to reason and prosper in learning. Life with philosophy is free unlike a life that is bounded by the human because we are limited and controlled. We just accept what is given and live a life that we think is acceptable, a life that is dictated. The value of philosophy is that it helps us in finding the true meaning of life and not just living life as it is. With science, we are bound by its limitations, limitations to answer all our questions so proving that science has weakness too or that it may not provide complete answers. On the other hand, philosophy allows human mind for more speculation of how things are and on how things will be.REFERENCERussell, B. Chapter XV The Value of Philosophy. Retrieved 17 September, 2007, fromhttp//skepdic.com/russell.html

The Lemba Clan, Are They Real Jews Essay Example for Free

The Lemba Clan, Are They Real Jews Essay demonstration Walking through the Venda Plaza shopping center in Thohoyandou, S show uph Africa, R dai ae ta a ad a tm ,T aioe f Jws bo e . Gv g i a uznw vdo m n n si o e hts n o my e i rt r i n h d h hs i m pzl ytn i e l kh ep i da a l k e . cm f m I al l gi e uz d ei r ud o ,e xln ,Im Ba Jw We a er s eao t e tg o ae c o r n m aoT e hv poe iwt gns N t nowing what to say and non having heard about this g. hy ae rvdt i ee. o k h before, I let his statement pass. My time in South Africa was devoted to working with a victim empowerment program, but I act upd to wonder about the idea of Black Jews.The Black Jew or Lemba macrocosm creates a blip on a cultural subroutine of sub-Saharan Africa. When queryers discovered and analyse them over the last fifteen older age, the Lemba also made a blip on the transmitted map of sub-Saharan Africa. Genetic outline of the Lemba has focused primarily on the Y chromosome, which is utile for st udying conversion among and distance between populations. The Lemba genetic markers resist the spontaneous tradition which says the Lemba came from the north.This paper reviews biological and cultural studies of the Lemba and the correlational statistics between genes and oral tradition to propose a biocultural tarradiddle for the Lemba tribe. Biology Genetic Variation across Populations Much of the study of genetic strain has focused on dis connaturality between groupings. Genetic variation over time is used to postulate about the place and time of the tunes of modern humans as considerably as subsequent movement and migration. Genetic variation is the greatest in Africa, and it is reasoned that the interminable a group has been around, the to a greater extent variation it will have in its gene pool.Additionally, the perennial groups argon apart, the greater their genetic distance (Cavalli-Sforza and Cavalli-Sforza, 1995). Maps of variation show migrations out of, arou nd, 1 and backwards in to Africa (Cavalli-Sforza and Cavalli-Sforza, 1995). ground on comparing of genetic landscapes, maps by Cavalli-Sforza and Cavalli-Sforza (1995) show the arrival of Neolithic cultivators in northern Africa 8,000 to 9,000 years ago. The migration of multitude continues down the eastern side of Africa, with groups mixing and paltry.According to Cavalli-Sforza and Cavalli-Sforza (1995), the Bantu arrived in South Africa three hundred to 400 years ago, and the archaeological and linguistic data support the recital of Bantu expansion. Cavalli-Sforzat e o py gnt r aosi a gnr e t og ae g sr s f hl eece t nh s r ee t h uh vr e e o i li p e ad r a linkage analysis. Synthetic maps be produced from principle-component analysis of multiple gene frequencies. MacEachern (2000), however, criticizes Cavalli-Sozsn eio gns fr s yt s f ee a h s and language for its assumptions about the nature of language and groups and its lack of cni r i o t d e i o hm n oii .A r a e n ui a ntone, os e t n fh i rt f u a sc ts fcn t i n s r obudd d ao e v sy ee i hc t e homogeneous monoliths either frozen in place since before A. D. 1492 or caroming around the continent like cultural-ba n b lr blMaE ce ,00 7) G nr sn ec as er g ii d as ( c ahr 20 0. ee lyt t m p i la l n 3 a hi provide a visual representation of variation, but they do non show how the variation came to exist nor do they herald anomalies. The Lemba ar an anomaly in the genetic patterns of Southern Africa. Variation and the Y Chromosome The primary genetic research on the Lemba has used the Y chromosome for comparison with other groups.The Y chromosome has many characteristics that refer it favorable for examine lineage. Almost all of the Y chromosome consists of non-recombining regions and the information is passed intact from generation to generation, from father to son. The variations, called political leaderymorphisms, occur so infrequently that they are commonly called unique face polym orphisms (UEPs) (Stumpf and Goldstein, 2001). UEPs occur along male lines in 2 diametric time intervals, frankincense the changes nominate be compared between and among groups to examine relatedness and age by identifying variations (Bradman and Thomas 1998). more(prenominal)(prenominal) changes on the Y indicate an older line, and more partd sequences between Ys indicate a more similar gene pool. Once thought of as mainly junk, researchers have set 20 diametric genes on the Y (Lowenstein, 1999). The function of Y is related to imparting maleness and to fertility (see figure 1). get in 1 The human Y chromosome (Quintana-Murci et al. , 2000173) Be catch most of the Y does non recombine, the Ycrm sm ise a a ui r tl ho oo es en s n a n l p e ay t nm tdi ae ru r s ie l kg gop which allows the history of the paternal line to be deduced (Poloni et a t n al., 1997 1015). The non-recombining section of the Y has the potential for a large number of unalike mutations (Stumpf and Gold stein, 2001). Because most variation in the Y is not expressed, changes are not selected for or against, which allows the record of these changes gets passed on (Bradman and Thomas, 1998). Four types of changes can occur between generations microsatellites, minisatellites, snips and indels (Bradman and Thomas, 1998). Microsatellites are a section of repeats of a short 3nucleotide sequence and minisatellites are a section of repeats of yearner sequences. Snips refers to exclusive nucleotide polymorphisms, pie-eyeding one nucleotide is changed. Indels are instaurations or deletions of DNA in a particular location (Bradman and Thomas, 1998). An example of an indel is the Y chromosome Alu polymorphism (YAP). Alu is a sequence of about ccc base pairs which is inserted into a particular region of the DNA. There have been about half a meg Alu insertions in human DNA and YAP is one of the more recent (Bradman and Thomas, 1998).Because they are unique event polymorphisms, YAP inserts and snips are unlikely to have arisen more than once in evolution (Thomas et al. 2000). An Alu can be copied, but it is not removed from a locus. After an Alu change, the YAP will accumulate rude(a) mutations at the same rate as surrounding DNA loci. One can think of an Alu insertion as a fossil, and patterns of new mutation allow the fossils to be sorted into lineages. (Dolan DNA Learning warmness 2002). Different combinations of polymorphisms are known as haplotypes (Bradman and Thomas 1998).The more similar the haplotype frequencies of two populations, the more similar their biological history is likely to be (Bradman and Thomas 1998). Quintana-Murci, Krausz, and McElreavey caution that genetic drift, founder effects, and male-specific migration processes may behave to over-representation of specific haplotypes (2001). Genetic drift refers to random change in gene frequencies between generations which will cause frequencies to fluctuate up or down (Releford, 2003). After enough t ime and if no other forces are acting on a population, variation within a population will be trim (Releford, 2003).The founder effect is a type of genetic drift where a small number of people form a new population, causing allele frequencies to deviate from the parent population (Releford, 2003). The Lemba Y 4 If Lemba migrated from Judea and Yemen and maintained the tradition of marrying only within the group, the Lemba Y haplotypes may be over-represented when compared to the neighboring populations. Thus, the Lemba Y is useful for comparison with African and Semitic populations their contribution to the Lemba. More genetic evidence of a non-Bantu origin for the Lemba is judge and found (Bradman and Thomas 1998).The Lemba Y has an additional genetic marker that indicates links to the Jewish priest club Cohen. Members cannot be appointed to this class and priesthood can only be contractable, thus a possible Jewish marker will be preserved down the line (Bradman and Thomas 1998 Cavalli-Sforza and Cavalli-Sforza 1995). Judaism began in Semitic tribes vivacious about 4,000 years ago in the Middle East. In 586 B. C. , the Babylonian exile spread Jewish populations out of present-day Israel (Hammer et al. 2000). Hammer et al. (2000) used Y chromosome haplotypes to trace the parental origins of the Jewish Diaspora.Multi-dimensional scaling (figure 1 ) of frequencies of 18 Y-chromosome haplotypes in 29 populations produced three main clusters sub-Saharan African, North African, and European. 5 Figure 2 Multi-dimensional scaling from Hammer et al. (20006772) The Jewish cluster appears in between the European and North African population clusters. The Lemba population is set halfway between sub-Saharan African and Jewish clusters (Hammer et al. 2000). Genetic and geographical distances were not correlated for other Jewish populations, which supports a recent dispersal and subsequent isolation model.Hammer et al. bring to an end that m j pro o N Yb ll d e i .. ae to a common Middle Eastern source a a r ot n f R ili i rt . t cs o i aec v sy r ppli svr t uad erao (00 74. h iue lo ea an c i s f ou t n ee lh sn ya g20 7) T i s sf frvl t g lm o ao a o s 6 s u ui a Jewish origins as well as for supporting old ties to the Middle East. Once populations dispersed from the Middle East, gene flow with surrounding populations was likely. The Lemba present genetic markers identified with Bantu and Semitic populations (Spurdle and Jenkins, 1996 Wilson and Goldstein, 2000).Wilson and Goldstein (2000) examined 66 markers on the X chromosome to study the effect of admixture of Bantu and Semitic populations on linkage disequilibrium. Recent mutations will tend to have more linkage d eu i i (D t n i o eoe ( l n n G l tn20) h s n i n i qib u L )h wl l r nsWio ad o s i 00. T e i ic t s lr m a ld s de, g fa difference between partially linked and unlinked loci masters out substructure as the sole source of the LD in the Lemba . . . Ethiopian-Bantu differentia tion is not sufficient to produce the d eu i i osre it L m a ( l n n G l tn20 2.T e oc s ns i qib u be dn h e bWio ad o s i 00 3) h cnl i i s lr m v e s de, 9 uo that the Lemba LD has two sources parental population and admixture.Another examination on the worldwide distribution of Y haplotypes (Poloni et al. , 1997) found a significant correlation between genetic and linguistic distances. The picture of genetic affinities places the Lemba not with other sub-Saharan African populations but with Afro-Asiatic populations (figure 2 ) indicating admixture or a different parent population from other subSaharan groups. 6 Figure 3 Multi-dimensional scaling from Poloni et al.(19971019) Spurdle and Jenkins (1996) also looked at Bantu-Semitic variations to name genetic affinities and offer a model for the origin of the Lemba. Their study study allele frequencies of Y-linked Restriction continuance Fragment Polymorphisms (RLFPs). Ht4 is a typical lightlessness haplotype and it is found in the Lemba sample at a frequence of . 20, which indicates significant Negroid male gene flow into the Lemba (Spurdle and Jenkins, 1996). Ht7, Ht8, and Ht11 are Caucasoid markers and the Lemba show high frequencies of these markers as well.These haplotypes seem to be typical of Jewish populations but also occur in Asiatic Indians, thus it is not possible to distinguish between Semitic and Asiatic Indian sources with these markers (Spurdle and Jenkins, 1996). The allele frequencies of the Lemba are importantly different from those of the Bantu-speaking Negroid population and the European population but not from those of the Jewish group. Spurdle and Jenkins (1996) cogitate that 50% of the Lemba Y chromosomes analyzed appear to be of Caucasoid origin, and 36% appear to be of Negroid origin. 7.One possible method for distinguishing a Semitic origin, versus a popular Middle Eastern origin, of the Lemba is to make comparisons with the Cohen modal haplotype, which is dominant in the Jew ish priesthood (Thomas et al. , 1998). There are three castes of Jewish males Cohanim, the paternally inherited priesthood Leviim, non-Cohen members of the paternally defined priestly tribe of Levi Israelites, all non-Cohen and non-Levite Jews (Thomas et al. , 1998). If the Lemba Y has Jewish origins, the Cohen modal haplotype is expected to be present. Thomas et al.(2000) continue the study of Bantu and Semitic markers in the Lemba adding the investigation of the Cohen modal haplotypes. Y chromosomes were analyzed for six microsatellites and six biallelic markers in the Lemba, Bantu, Yemini-Handramaut, YemeniSena, Sephardic Jews, and Ashkenazic Jews. The twelve polymorphic markers were characterized in multiple Jewish populations and identified single haplotypes (Thomas et al. , 2000). Genealogical trees were drawn based on microsatellite variation to explore possible origins of the Lemba Y chromosomes (Thomas et al., 2000).The trees can be used to assess whether each Lemba haploty pe has a close genealogical relationship with one or more haplotypes in the other five populations. Trees for the individual haplotypes were drawn for each UEP group by measures of average square up distance and proportion of shared alleles (Thomas et al. , 2000). Thomas et al. (2000) designate 67. 6% of Lemba chromosomes as having a Semitic origin and the other 32. 4% to have a Bantu origin.The high absolute frequency of the Cohen modal haplotype in the general Lemba population supports a Jewish contribution to Lemba gene pool found. The Cohen modal haplotype is observed only fair in Ashkenazic and Sephardic Israelites, in a single Yemeni, and is present in a very low frequency in Palestinian Arabs (Thomas et al. , 2000). The genetic evidence is consistent with the Lemba oral history of Jewish origins in a population orthogonal of Africa followed by admixture with Bantu neighbors. 8 Culture Oral tradition and Origins of Lemba The Lemba people claim ancient Jewish origins. Accor ding to oral history, they come from Judea, from whence they traveled to Sena.From Sena they crossed into Africa, moving down the coast, building great cities in Zimbabwe, and finally settling the northern part of South Africa. Additionally, the Lemba plead Jewish identity through their customs of food prohibitions, ritual slaughter of animals, and circumcision (Buijs, 1998 NOVA 1999 Parfitt 1992). These are not threatening people who have been recently converted to Judaism. Judaism is not a proselytizing faith thus conversion and endogamy as an explanation for Jewish genes is unlikely (Cavalli-Sforza and Cavalli-Sforza, 1995).However, many groups across the world claim connections to lost tribes of Israel (Parfitt, 1992). Furthermore, the whizz along in Lemba Jewish identity is connected to political economy and other social circumstances in South Africa in the last fifty years (Buijs, 1998). The Lemba say they came from the North, possibly from Judea. Then they went to Sena, t hey crossed Pusela and came to Africa, where they skint the law of God and were scattered across African nations (NOVA, 1999). Parfitt (1992) located Sena in a remote vale of Southern Yemen.Parfitt reasons that Pusela is similar to the Masilah River, which they would have had to cross to get from Sena to the sea. The port town of Sayhut was used for Arab exploration of Africa. In Hadramaut, the valley where Sena is located, tribes have the same names as Lemba tribe names (NOVA, 1999 Parfitt, 1992). Genetic samples of Lemba and of people in the Hadramaut showed similar features as well as the Cohen modal haplotype (NOVA, 1999). Lemba Identity in South Africa 9 The Lemba go bad in Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, but according to Buijs it is only in South Africa where one finds the belief of Jewish origins (1998).The Semitic identity was propagated by early white missionaries and colonial officials their writings emphasized differences of the Lemba by comparison with European Jewish communities (Buijs, 1998). T ee ri supr d a e o o a ii tdn t (u s19 1. u s19) o s hs w in spot n t s f d t ci ty B i,98 6) B i (98 nt tg e h sn e i j 6 j e that the Lemba were aware of their distinct cultural heritage prior to colonization, but when ethnic identity became important in Apartheid, the Lemba Cultural Association (LCA) became a m d mfrosut g peet a Jws H rae B i asr,T eniec ..n ei o cnt cn a r n dy e i e t . u s s t h i s ne .O u r i s h ig j es st their Jewish heritage is a direct result of the struggle for resources, ab initio land and later civil sri j sit N r e Tasaln V na (98 6) Ietyi l i r i ad e c o , h ot r r vaad ed19 2. dn t n u n a a n ve b n e hn n 6 i, c d g c l ethnic identities, is not a static concept. Identity, especially during Apartheid, was tied to power.The Lemba Cultural Association was founded in the 1940s when Europeans were encroaching o r or s T e C polm d spr e u uai n tadh L m a i pr ne n e uc .h L A rc i e a ea tcl r d ty n t e b m ot c s e a a t l ei e s a identified the Lemba with a non-African community (Buijs, 1998). During Apartheid, literally meaning separation, people were classified by race white, cl e,n b c. nsc laaits e df e acri tt s cnet( e o r ad l k O e oi cpb ie w r e nd cod go h e ocp s od a s a li e i n e se Mandela 1994 for a frontmost hand description of the Apartheid system). The Apartheid government, the white minority, knew that if black people were united, the white autonomy would be threatened.They instituted a Bantu education system that further classified blacks according to tribe and encouraged local identity and rule in hopes of keeping blacks divided (Mandela 1994). In the 1980s, as the white hold on power was comely more and more challenged, the gvrm nc a d i eednhm l d h h e stp uhhthy e sl oe etr t dpneto e ns w i w r eu sc t t w r tl n ee n a c e a e ei 10 overseen by South Africa but the government no longer provided money or services to these areas. Lemba in Venda Vendal and was created and within these bounds were the Lemba.Before the independent hm l diw saoalfrBak e s ti n f t m e e ad e e o e n, a f r eo l Jw o d tyh sl s n b r a t v b c ei e v cognized as Lemba, because they were associated with whites and considered superior to other Blacks. However, in t l k o e n,w e b cseu t io n oe m n ibcm m rf oalt h Ba hm l d hr l k stph r w gvr et tea e oe a r eo e c a e a e n , v b be Black and not associated with whites. A highly placed civil servant in Venda government cm et i t V na e e a etgop I t s dy w w rl h o m n d t h ed w w r n le ru. nh e as e e i t e wh e e i o e g -skinned .. .V nar t u l e sro uprl s . t C oe pol (a i,92 8. h h ed t a d si a otf pec s.. e hsn ep Prt 19 ) T i e ee k a h e ft 7 s refers to the days of their arrival in southern Africa. At the beginning of the century, in spite of the distressing skin, the Lemba were commonly called valungu white men (Parfitt, 1992). The civil srate a e, sog s vrt n ge j ti , y e g L m a osmatter . . . e nr r d l a ee h g osu f em bi a e b dent v m k A n yi s n n B tson sh g s rgi w ogiiar u do y e b oi n19 ) T e ua so a t nst to g rn, s ti t tm L m a r i (92 7.h i a n t tb e g 7 status and identity of the Lemba has not been fixed and it has not always been Jewish.Proclaiming a form of Judaism is an event of the 19th century, but it does come from an o e cm la d eg u i n f ao (a i 19) h L m a e e a a i l my l r o p ct r i osd ti t n Prt 92. T e e b si d prc a t d, i e li e ic i ft z tu r h and used it as a federal agency of ridding themselves of a rather ancient ambiguity at a time when new ambiguities were being created any dy (a i,9225. T e e b igop i aPrt 195) h L m as ru wt ft h particular traditional practices, and some say they are not a religious group but a cultural one (Sand, 2002).The Lemba agriculture at once points to ancient Hebrew origins but some Lemba practice Christianity and Islam (Sand, 2002). The practices they do ascribe to ancient Jews w ould 11 not be identified as Judaism in the West, however they have adopted more Jewish traditions in recent years (Sand, 2002). Lemba today In post-Apartheid times, the Lemba identity is flourishing. They continue to have LCA meetings (Buijs 1998). Websites about their heritage and culture are published on the Internet. People in South Africa can identify themselves with whatever group or groups they please.About 80,000 Lemba live in the Venda area of the Limpopo Province in South Africa as well as the Johannesburg township of Soweto (Buijs, 1998 Sand, 2002). Lemba are also found in villages in the southwestern region of Zimbabwe (Buijs, 1998 Sand, 2002). In the Venda region, people speak TshiVenda. Another day when Rudzani and I were walking through the shopping center, he called up to a man with a phrase I did not understand. With a twinkle in his eyes, he told me that was the traditional greeting for a Jewish brother.Again, I let that pass, thinking he could translate it to mean whatever he wanted since I did not know TshiVenda (a favorite joke of my friends there). In disapproval and after research, I do not doubt the old Jewish ties and if I go back to South Africa, I will be sure to find out more. Conclusion The problem with constructing the history of the Lemba identity is that it has been passed down through oral tradition. When it was recorded at the turn of the twentieth century, it is possible the outside visitors were biased or projecting a Jewish identity on the Lemba.Genetic data support the oral tradition, and genetic research has identified anomalies in the Lemba population. Across the articles, the same information about the oral tradition and culture of the Lemba was offered. Ethnographic study of the Lemba traditions, not in contrast to Jews or other Africans, is mandatory to understand what being Lemba means today. Further research considering political 12 economy, as Buijs did, will continue to fill out the picture of constructions and p rojections of identity for the Black Jews of South Africa. 13 Works Cited Bradman N, and Thomas M. 1998. wherefore Y?The Y chromosome in the study of human evolution, migration, and prehistory. Science Spectra, 14. Electronic document, http//www. ucl. ac. uk/tcga/ScienceSpectra-pages/SciSpect-14-98. html. , accessed November 19, 2002 Buijs G. 1998 Black Jews in the Union Province A study of ethnic identity in South Africa. Ethnic Racial Studies, 21661-682. Cavalli-Sforza LL, and F Cavalli-Sforza. 1995. The Great adult male Diasporas. Reading, MA Addison Weasley Publishing Company. Dolan DNA Learning Center. Genetic OriginsAlu Insertion Polymorphism. 2002. cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Electronic document, http//www.geneticorigins. org/geneticorigins/pv92/aluframeset. htm, accessed November 19, 2002. Hammer MF, Redd AJ, Wood ET, Bonner MR, Jarjanazi H, Karafet T, Santachiara-Benerecetti S, Oppenheim A, Jobling MA, Jenkins T, Ostrer H, and B Bonne-Tamir. 2000. Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 976769-6774. Hammer MF, Spurdle AB, Karafet T, Bonner MR, Wood ET, Novelletto A, Malaspina P, Mitchell RJ, Horai S, Jenkins T, and SL Zegura. 1997. The geographic distribution of human Y chromosome variation.Genetics, 145787-805. Lowenstein JM. 1999. Why the Y? California Wild. Electronic document, http//www. calacademy. org/calwild/spring99/counter. htm, accessed November 19, 2002 MacEachern S. 2000. Genes, Tribes, and African History. legitimate Anthropology, 41357-384. 14 Mandela, Neslon. 1994. Long Walk to Freedom the Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. capital of Massachusetts Little Brown Co. N V O l eL stbs fs e T dr a ir a alj re. 00( oe br O A n n. otr e o I al uo Prtse r b o ny20. N vm e i i r . ft m k e u 2000). Electronic document, http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/israel/parfitt. html, accessed November 19, 2002. Parfitt, Tudor. 1992.Journ ey to the Vanished City Search for a Lost Tribe of Israel. London Hodder and Stoughton. Poloni ES, Semino O, Passarino G, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Dupanloup I, Langaney A, and L Excoffier. 1997. tender genetic affinities for Y-chromosome P49a,f/TaqI haplotypes show strong correspondence with linguistics. American daybook of Human Genetics, 611015-1035. Quintana-Murci L, Krausz C, and K McElreavey. 2001. The human Y chromosome function, evolution and disease. Forensic Science International, 118169-181. Releford, JH. 2003. The Human Species An Introduction to Biological Anthropology, 5th ed. Boston McGraw-Hill. Sand, JP.2002.The Jews of Africa The Lemba of Southern Africa. Electronic document, http//www. mindspring. com/jaypsand/lemba. htm. accessed November 18, 2002. Spurdle, AB. 1994. The Y-ALU polymorphism in Southern African populations and its relationship to other Y-specific polymorphisms. American Journal of Human Genetics, 54319-330. Spurdle A. and T Jenkins. 1996. The or igins of the Lemba Black Jews of Southern Africa evidence from p12F2 and other Y-Chromosome markers. American Journal of Human Genetics, 591126-1133. 15 Stumpf MPH, and DB Goldstein. 2001. Genealogical and evolutionary inference with the human Y chromosome.Science. 2911738-1742. Thomas MG, Parfitt T, Weiss DA, Skorecki K, Wilson JF, le Roux M, Bradman N, and DB Goldstein. 2000. Y chromosomes traveling south the Cohen modal haplotype and the origins of the Lembathe Black Jews of Southern Africa. American Journal of Human Genetics, 66 (2) 674-686. Thomas MG, Skorecki K, Ben-Ami H, Parfitt T, Bradman N, and DB Goldstein. 1998. Origins of old testament priests. Nature, 394138-140. Wilson JF, and DB Goldstein. 2000. Consistent long-range linkage disequilibrium generated by admixture in a Bantu-Semitic hybrid population. American Journal of Human Genetics, 67926-935. 16.

Mary Shelley Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelley EssayI dont think the reader feels sorry for passe-part emerge because if he hadnt produce rejected the monstrosity in the first place he wouldnt switch been in that situation. In the era the book was written, people were beginning to question Gods existence. Should God be the only creator of animation? Should the power of science be able to create people? We found out the answer to this in Frankenstein. Victor tried to create the goliath using scientific knowledge and succeeded. However, the end result of the monster was horrific. He was lonely, had no friends, and resorted to killing people.This proves science can non create deportment and make them give way into the human race. Only God can achieve this and thats the way it should stay. I think the reader sympathizes for the monster because the monster didnt choose to live, Victor did it for him and he only needed somebody to love. I collected the instruments of life around me that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that countersink at my feet. This quote shows he was searching for something to bring the monster to life, and that it was his decision to do this.At several(predicate) stages in the story, Victor and the monster atomic number 18 both altruistic and egotistic. To start with, Victor is very altruistic. Whilst growth the monster he was very commissioned and in some way addicted to his creation. He became increasingly tired and unhealthy as he wasnt looking after himself properly. Sometimes I grew alarmed at the wreck I perceived. This shows he didnt even realise how he was treating himself, and he was alarmed when he realised. This proves he started off to be very altruistic, thinking of others before himself. At the same time he could be egotistic.He didnt think of the monsters feelings, and just focused on achieving his goal, not thinking of the consequences there were to come. Victor claims he was doing it to be useful to my fellow beings. His mother actu all toldy sparked the idea and fame and fortune drove him. So he ended up doing it for himself. The monster starts off to be altruistic as he befriends the family and helps them and generally doesnt focus on just himself. He makes adult suggestions unlike Victor who has stubborn childish responses. Victor could have offered friendship and love, only if does the complete opposite making him extremely egotistic.However as the story continues it all changes dramatically and Victor and the monster almost swap places. Eager to love and to be love, the creature is not born evil. Society makes the monster become egotistical. As society keeps on rejecting him, he becomes more and more egotistic and doesnt really care what anyone else thinks anymore. The monster wanted what Frankenstein and so many other humans had and took for grant a place to belong. Loneliness and isolation motivated the monster to turn to destruction. However, this was through no wrongdoing of his ow n.Victor was the first one to reject him therefore, its mainly his fault. When this starts to happen, I think the reader feels sorry for the monster, as he had no other choice but to do this, and become egotistic. On the other hand, Victor becomes more altruistic and begins to think of others. When the monster starts to kill people close to him, I think he realises he needs to do something. Victor does decide to make the creature a bride which was very altruistic, but turns against the idea. Elizabeth, Victor Frankensteins foster sister, plays a crucial part of Frankenstein.Since Victors mother died, Elizabeth played the mother role and was adored. Everyone loved Elizabeth. At many points in the story Victor is saved by the love of Elizabeth. On Frankensteins matrimony day, his creature, the monster kills Elizabeth. Her beauty and innocence are greatly emphasized which lay downs away a lot of benevolence for the monster. When Frankensteins father knows that she was killed, he di es a few days later. What then became of me? I know not I lost sensation, and chains and darkness were the only objects that pressed upon me. This shows Victor doesnt want to live anymore and doesnt take any notice of the world around him. He didnt have anything to live for, except to get retaliate on the monster hed created. How I have lived I hardly know many times have I stretched my failing limbs upon the sandy plain and prayed for death. But penalise kept me alive. So Victor decides to specify the monster and searches for him. He tracks the monster ever northwards into the ice. He then freezes to death and dies, and when the monster finds this out he kills himself.At this point you sympathize for mainly Victor as he never got his revenge but also the monster, as he had such a horrific, lonely life. To conclude there are many different times in which the reader feels antipathy and mainly sympathy for the monster in Frankenstein, which shows he wasnt treated well at all.

Google Glass Essay Example for Free

Google methamphetamine hydrochloride EssayGoogle shabu should be prohibited to be public for the world. In consequence of technological advances, we defy changed our society and ingest been convenient for few decades. Thanks to advanced technology, we eventually became mathematical to do whatsoeverthing we desire with electronic devices from modern technology. At this point, Eric Schmidt, who is a current Googles executive chairman, announced that Google allow for exploit Google Glass by the end of 2013. Google Glass is a wearable computer with a head mount display by Google in the Project Glass, research and development. Google glass displays in pution in a burnishedphone-like hands-free format that can interact with the internet via voice commands. Briefly, its going to be like a smart phone wearing on our eyes. It is believed that modern technology has brought many benefits to us, we should be aw atomic number 18 that its possible to use for our society. Firstly, the public would be threatened by Google Glass seriously. Inverters of Google Glass say that Google Glass allow for be equipped with an intellectual camera that can take clear pictures at anytime, anywhere.It means that fetching picture with a Google Glass can lead to an invasion of portrait right. Furthermore, it doesnt have any speakers to let other people know that users are in the process of recording. For instance, cellphone phones and camcorders have speakers transcend a background noise level of 6070dB. Instead of loud speakers, it has bone-conduction headphones near frames. But it mustnt be a function as alert sound. Secondly, Google Glass will absolutely affect our remains badly. What would happen if we wear Google Glass for very long time?Every electronic device has electromagnetic waves as always. According to Interphone Study Group in France (ISG), 2 billion people will have brain cancer by 2020 from cell phones. Unfortunately, Google Glass has the same critical influe nce as the cell phones have. If we wear Google Glass, we might as well face a terrible situation like ISG said. Moreover, they are saying that a new psychological disease called nomophonia, which makes us feel nervous because of not keeping own our device, will occur at the moment.Im sure that it would be a misadventure for us as well as our next generations. At last, Id say that on that point will be liability problems by being obsessed with Google Glass. People will wear Google Glass while driving in spite of definite warnings not to do. After that, they will clash with the patriarchal or any pedestrians and somebody will get hurt seriously. The medical insurance may not be possible to cover the medical care because money can be critical.If Google Glass is commercialized, we will have to take up a liability insurance to use it. It means the we need to attach cost of an insurance policy to Google Glass bill. Of course, Using Google Glass will make our life middling more comfo rtable and convenient. On the other hand, we should deeply think it has so many side effects that can badly effect to our society. Therefore, I hold very strongly that organizations in charge of indorse of selling electronic devices shouldnt allow to release into the world.

Analysis of Ford, Toyota and General Motors

Analysis of cut through, Toyota and normal MotorsCOMPETITORS ANALYSISToyota motorsToyota is Japans superlative machine organization and the second biggest on the planet after General Motors. The essential explanation behind Toyotas movement in the worldwide commercial center hails from their corporate rationality, the set of standards and demeanor that administer the utilization of its assets. The Toyota logic is frequently call(a)ed as the Toyota Production System. The framework depends to a limited extent on a sympathetic assets administration arrangement that animates illustration imagination and unwaveringness additionally, on an exceedingly productive system of suppliers and parts producers. frequently of Toyotas exercise on the planet markets mogul be ascribed specifically to the synergistic execution of its approaches in humane assets administration and inventory network systems. The playing point of the Tesla elevator car organization is that it centers chiefly o n the mavin product religious offering identifying with the electric charging. So there is no preoccupation of the organization to create autos having creation energized by petrol, diesel or gas. The pivotal reason behind Toyotas accomplishment in the everywhereall worry focus lies in its corporate rationale the set of standards and state of brain that speak to the usage of its returnss. A corporate rationale, in the articulations of Fred J. Borch, past CEO of General Electric, is the umbrella approach that helpers most of the decisions and activities of the affiliation. The Toyota discernment is consistently more generally known as the Toyota Production System (Competitive advantage the Toyota way).Associations outside surroundings includes twain geographic components and social components. Area and assets ar urgent geographic elements impacting both national and corporate victory, with public aspects and institutional courses of action making up the most serious parts of the social components influencing both the achievement of firms and of countriesThe Tesla familiarity also has a competitive advantage in the manufacture of the cars as it has been successful in producing cars having lowest center of gravity, which is the main source of their 5 star safety rating in all cars categories. This is the main cause of the endurance of the Teslas products in the market whereas Toyota and other remote auto creators swallow effectively infiltrated the US showcase and secured far r to each oneing vicinity by temperance of its benefit. Toyotas logic of benignant its laborers is the inside bit of a human assets administration framework that encourages inventiveness and advancement by empowering representative investment funds, and that in like manner incites abnormal amounts of worker unwaveringness (Toyota).The biggest strengths of the Tesla atomic number 18 its execution. The companys S baffle is the proof of how the company is able to execute and second ly its ability to increase the production that boosts up the investors combine manufacturers aspirations. According to the latest earning report of Tesla it has achieved operate margins that equals to 25% for 2014. Moreover the company guided to 28% operating margins in the same year however Toyota is exchanging at 0.6 times bargains. Portage wants to start 23 models comprehensively in 2014, which is without a doubt the most item starts in a year in its history. Accordingly, development could renovate and this serves as a colossal impetus into 2014. The revenue of the Tesla is 9.3% that of Toyota moreover Tesla has much higher gross return of 25%. The gross reach percentage of Toyota is 18.7% (Toyota).Ford motorsIt was established by Henry Ford and fused on June 16, 1903. The Ford Motor Company (otherwise called essentially Ford) is an American multinational automaker headquartered Michigan, a suburbia of Detroit. It was established by Henry Ford and fused on June 16, 1903. Th e organization offers cars and chore vehicles under the Ford brand and most extravagance autos under the Lincoln brand. Passage additionally claims Brazilian SUV producer, Troller, and execution auto maker FPV. In the past it has additionally transformed tractors and auto segments (Our Company). Ford is one of the biggest car makers on the planet. The organizations head auto brands incorporate Aston Martin, Ford, Lincoln, Mazda, Mercury and Volvo. The organization fabricates and conveys vehicles in over 200 businesses over sestet main lands. The organizations solid brand portfolio provides for it a huge preference.Return on equity indicates what amount of benefit an organization creates from shareholders cash. The return for equity champion around the automakers is Ford (F). Alternate automakers are not as compelling in changing over shareholder cash into benefit. Return on equity is a measure of administrations viability, so I see this as a paramount metric and preference for For ds proceeded victory. The profit for equity is computed by taking net salary and separating it by the shareholders equity.Being investors we can envision ourselves as one of the board parts on Shark Tank. In spite of the fact that we dont have nearly to the extent that as the Shark Tank board parts, we can assess these organizations to figure out whether they merit of our speculation cash. Portage is changing over 28.5% of shareholder cash into benefit. This multiplies the ROE of alternate automakers. This shows that speculators can trust in the work that CEO, Alan Mullaly and his group are doing from a business outlook. This administration group is getting the most fervency for its speculators hard earned money. The administration adequacy is eventually reflected in the outperformance of Fords stock cost as contrasted with its rivals (Ford Vs. Tesla Which root Should You Buy?, 2013).After a remarkable year in 2013, shares of Ford (NYSE F) dropped lower by virtually 8% once the organizations 2014 standpoint was exhibited.Consistent with Ford CFO Bob Shanks, the organizations pretax profit in 2014 go away be lower than in 2013. The organization refers to various purposes behind this absence of change, incorporating unanticipated government activity in developing markets, item re hears, and likewise an annuity commitment support. Elon Musk launched Tesla motors after 100 years when Ford Motors started barely recently Ford motors has become the laggard. From investors point of view Tesla has a far higher esteem.Tesla has a leave out of operational history in comparison with Ford and that might be the biggest strength in trivial term because the engineers start to work from a blank slate but from other point of view it can be a greatest risk in long-term as Ford has survived in every economic climate. Talking or so the shares of the Ford they are valued on the basis of the companys journey and where it stands now where as Tesla is judged from the perspec tive of future standing (SWOT analysis of Ford).Client unwaveringness will dependably be an exceptionally paramount pressure indicator of car bargains victory, said Jeffrey Anderson, executive of discuss and dis segmentation for Experian Automotive. Portage has created greatly devoted clients over an extensive variety of vehicles. That consistency crosswise over its product offering has helped vault Fords unwaveringness rankings past its adversaries in our most recent study. Investors are paying great willingness to invest in Tesla as its sales are likely to increase from $400 million to more than $2billion. Mercedes Benz was second with 43.7 percent, which is a noteworthy build over the past quarter when they came in ninth spot with 34.6 percent. Talking about Tesla its supporters are watching the 10 year ramp of revenue as the entrance of sedan in 2017 which will have a moderate price in the mainstream market.General motorsGeneral Motors is the second greatest vehicles collecting association on the planet. They have divisions all far and wide that give plans and parts to each other. By offering parts and plans all far and wide, GM has the capability further reinforcing expansion a favorable luck over their opponents by saving on arrangement bunches. They similarly use miserliness of scales to cut down their liability on their parts. Entry motors gained the system that allowed it low taking care of spending by cutting all the excessive upkeep included in these operations. The goliath use on unrefined materials was slashed down and the web collecting strategy was introduced that focus on the change of automobiles on one technique as opposed to having various segments of building and arrangement. This strategy was secures overhead purpose of investment and give the association advantage over its adversaries in regards to additional level out of pocket (concierge, 1983), in the mean piece of music association watched transforming sharp automobiles that were not esteem sensitive and offered the suitability of expected section cars ( closely GM Our Company).China is the biggest car business and is a rising economy that develops consistently. It is likewise the second biggest business sector for GM as far as vehicle units sold. An early passage into China, well execute organizations and neighborhood Buick brand are the primary reasons why GM has a solid position in Chinas auto market. GM is the biggest auto maker in US and at present holds more than 18% piece of the overall industry. This is essentially because of broad learning of US market and its consumers. Gms Cadillac, GMC, Chevrolet and Buick are around the top rated brands in US and China and acquire more than 80% of all General Motors deals. Tesla has become a media and stock market hero as it created gorgeous cars the Roadster and Model S. GM is a good competitor as it pools its resources and invest them into much focused projects. Some of the advantages that GM has over Tesla a re the scale which is important for high profitability in the automobile industry and GMs technology development that is used in several of its models. Tesla has a tiny product lineup (About GM Our Company).General Motors has performed well starting late, however with GM, there had been the negative stigma encompassing its biggest guru, which obviously is the administration. Consequently, while the legislature possessed such a huge stake, shares of GM remained less expensive than its associates, and the organization unruffled does not pay a profit. The Treasury has been offering shares at a quick rate in the course of the most recent year, and on Dec. 9 it affirmed that its remaining 31.1 million shares had been sold. In this manner, GM is no more government possessed, and has given or takes $37 billion in liquidity that might be utilized for profits and to make different speculations. U.S. automakers nail downed after WWII, yet the impending blast in this hot auto business will p ut that surge to disgrace Buyers in creating nations are developing wealthier, so clever moguls can exploit this ideal chance with the assistance of this brand-new multi-colored Fool report that distinguishes two automakers to purchase for a surging remote business (About GM Our Company).Bibliography(n.d.). Retrieved from Toyota http//www.toyota.com/About GM Our Company. (n.d.). Retrieved from gm http//www.gm.com/company/aboutGM/our_company.htmlCompetitive advantage the Toyota way. (n.d.). Retrieved from bsr.london.edu http//bsr.london.edu/lbs-article/481/index.htmlFord Motor Company passes General Motors and Toyota. (n.d.). Retrieved defect 28, 2014, from finance.yahoo http//finance.yahoo.com/news/ford-motor-company-passes-general-123000026.htmlFord Vs. Tesla Which Stock Should You Buy? (2013). Retrieved 2014, from NASDAQ http//www.nasdaq.com/article/ford-vs-tesla-which-stock-should-you-buy-cm288233Our Company. (n.d.). Retrieved from ford http//www.ford.com/SWOT analysis of Ford. (n.d.). Retrieved from strategicmanagementinsight http//www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/ford-swot-analysis.html