Is Globalisation A Good Thing For Development Politics Essay

Is Globalisation A Good Thing For using Politics Essayglobalization Developmental Boon or jinx? Years ago, globalization was the curious buzzword which was viewed with untold optimism by much of the ground, including the poor and underdeveloped nations. The merging of the worldly concerns economies promised great opportunities for reaping and instruction oddly for Third populace economies. Today, there atomic number 18 two prevailing sentiments on globalization either that globalization has emergenceed to successfulness for the poor nations or that it has endinged to the prosperity of the rich at expense of the worlds poor (Irogbe, 2005). This paper posits that while globalization have provided a paradigm of benefits for underdeveloped nations, the wheels of globalization has led to the constipation of national economies, marginalization of the southeast, cultural homogenisation, and intensified international migration.Main Features of GlobalizationGlobalization is a co mplex process which has many facets scotch, political and cultural. To take c atomic number 18 this more than concretely, discussed are the main features of globalization from the perspective of the developing world and how it is concretely manifested. Looking at globalization from a Third World lens is crucial to our understanding of it (Yotopoulous Romano, 2007). This is because, when viewed from the perspective of the First World, it is easy to appraise the obvious benefits of globalization. For instance, globalization has enabled Americans to get give of a wide range of products and services from all oer the world. The margining of the worlds economies have allowed us to enjoy goods previously in gravelible to us because of high cost for instance, fruits such as pineapples, bananas, and mangoes that is non homegrown in the fall in States. We can listen to world music, Africa, Jamaican, Latin American, and Arabic rhythms through our iPod all day long. What is not clearl y open to us is how the wheels of globalization imp good turn the farmer in southeasterly Asia, the deep brown growers in Latin America, and the agricultural workers in Africa. sparing integration spot faster interconnected through advanced technology and transportation is the closely popular idea about globalization, globalization is a fundamentally stinting phenomenon. The stinting promise of free traffic and free competition was purportedly designed to help Third World economies to gain marketplace access previously impossible to penetrate (Lechner Boli, 2004). This has been true. Underdeveloped countries have been able to exporting their local products to developed markets unlike in the past (Sen, 2000). However, the bigger jut out suggests because of the inherent asymmetries of the worlds economies, globalization to a fault leads to asymmetrical development benefitting the rich countries more than the poor (Yotopoulous Romano, 2007).Economic integration through the merging of the global economies takes on three primary assortments liberalization, privatization, and deregulation (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). Liberalization is the downgrading of the social goals of national development, unite with the upgrading of participation in the world market (McMichael, 2004, p. 158). This is achieved by reducing and at last removing the barriers to flow of goods, capital, and services among countries, e.g. the removal of tariffs on agricultural products such as corn, rice, or beef. Deregulation means the reduction of the reduction of the fictional character of governments in regulating trade and production and in providing services (Yotopoulos Romano, 2007). It adheres to the belief that the market is the most efficient and effective determinant of what should be produced and what would be consumed. Privatization in its purest sense means divestiture of state-owned enterprises or SOEs (McMichael, 2004). What used to be an ideological action between big government/welfare states and more marketless state has locomote into the mainstream sparing development debate under the guise of sound economic management and good system (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000, p. 45). A deregulated market freed from the visible book of government is the most efficient, less burdensome system that will result in economic progress through foreign investments, so goes the argument. Economic pragmatism and expediency are the main motives for privatizing today, driven mainly by balance-of-payment imperatives and the need to shift the burden of development from the public to the private heavens (Leeds, 1990).To drive these three account strategies of economic globalization, two main institutions are responsible the worlds transnational corporations (TNCs) and the triumvirate of public international financial institutions (Buckman, 2004). The global TNCs hold tremendous influence in global trade because it has control over investment, employment, and trading de cisions which surpass the decision-making power of most developing countries. The triumvirate of the the worldwide financial Fund (IMF), the World bank building, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) act as a global overseer of the processes of economic globalization (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). In theory, the triumvirate could be held accountable by the worlds governments but in practice, it has become a major global bureaucracy wielding enormous, largely unaccountable influence (Buckman, 2004, p. 87). The global privatization interlock includes multilateral and bilateral lenders, large MNCs, merchant banks, stockbrokers, accounts and management consultants, legal firms, marketing, specialist consultants, and think tanks (Leeds, 1990). The TNCs control the lions share of the world trade. The strongest among them, act more cohesively, in close cooperation with their respective governments, to assault or defend markets (Bello, 1997, p. 5). Hence, globalization also means the mos t intense competition even among industrialized economies. For instance, the United Sates and the business interests it represents stands to gain the most from globalization, which is why it has tried to dominate twain the GATT-WTO and the APEC (Benyon Dunkerley, 2000). While imposing unilateral measures to protect its own market, the US is nerve-wracking to prevent other countries from acting in the same fashion by invoking the principles of free trade. On another plane, many Northern governments, despite the liberal ideology of reducing the role of the state in economic matters, whitewash heavily subsidize their agricultural products. These then become very forte and when dumped into the markets of developing countries, local products cannot compete. This explains why farmers in Chile, Latin America, South Asia, and Southeast Asia have experienced destruction of their local economies such as in textile, transport, and even agriculture (Bello, 1997 McMichael, 2004).Political marginalizationGlobalization has also resulted to the political asymmetries leading to the marginalization of the South. Globalization has proceeded under the premise that modernisation is the key towards the genuine development of the Third World. However, the dependency theory of development suggests that modernization will only lead to increase domination of the major world economic players to the detriment of the poor nations. The basic decisions in global trade are still influenced by the dominant countries, going away dependent nations with a few(prenominal) choices because the parameters have already been set by the former (Willis, 2005).It is in the South where globalization as a political process really reduces the role of the nation state in terms of deciding the direction of development through macro-economic policies. Parallel to this is the qualitative strengthening of the institutions of global economic governance (Bello, 1997, p. 8). The main mechanism for this has been the debt trap, whereby highly indebted countries are compelled to undergo geomorphologic adjustment programs (SAPs) in exchange for more loans. The SAPs comes in the benign form of development loans from the World Bank but with them come harsh conditions or impositions on the developing nations to abandon crucial social services and interior(prenominal) programs that benefit their local population. SAPs include having governments abandon health services, education, and environmental programs which are not profitable and hence, cannot be used to replay World Bank and IMF loans and interest. Eventually, this leaves countries solely dependent on the market as well as pricing systems well beyond their control. Essentially, the political process of globalization renders countries weak over the fate of their national economies (Bello, 1997).Cultural homogenizationGlobalization leads to a b ordinateless world, wiz which erases political and geographical borders, essentially making countries operate and act similarly. As a consequence, culture is also gradually being erased as the development of a global culture emerges (Norberg, 2003). Because of globalization, local products, cultures, and services vanish into this global culture one that is shaped and defined by the worlds economic and political powers. Critics have referred to this phenomenon as the McDonaldization of the world (Buckman, 2004).Globalization has also penetrated the theatre of operations of culture and ideology. Cultural influences from the North are transmitted through the media whose meeting is intensified by the spread of television, the use of the World Wide Web, reckoner products, and other technologies (Cohen Kennedy, 2007). The process of cultural homogenization or the fashioning of one global culture is presently ongoing. diversion from creating an insipid culture, it has also obligate people to redefine their lives to promote this global culture. In order to put up Nike sh oes, designer clothing, and computers, poor Filipino and Indonesia farmers are forced to abandon their way of life to provide these consumer goods (Irogbe, 2005). Moreover, the environment is being degraded in order to provide room for giant farms for TNCs and ancestral lands of the indigenous peoples of the world are being plundered by mining TNCs (Bello, 1997). While the Internet has provided wider popular space and a venue for greater cultural exchange, the increasing homogenization of culture through the Internet has also created greater insecurity (Cohen Kennedy, 2007).International migrationGlobalization also means the waves of migration in search of better earning opportunities. With the sexual intercourse ease in transportation and communication, the number of international migrants has approached staggering levels (Lechner Boli, 2004). Aside from the migration of people, jobs have also been shipped off to Third World economies a argumentative issue for First World nati ons because industries are slowly dying in the latter because business processes are outsources to countries like India, the Philippines, and China. This has created tensions among the workers of the First World countries (Bello, 1997). Moreover, an increasing concern of globalization is the globalization of the sex trade. Women and girls are being trafficked crossways national borders for the purpose of prostitution (Irogbe, 2005).ConclusionGlobalization has several implications on the world and not all of them are negative. It has been an important engine of growth for many poor countries (Norberg, 2003 Sen, 2000). Access to trade and foreign markets, more participatory structures of communication through technology, are some of its benefits. Nonetheless, as a result of intense competition of the economies and the inherently asymmetrical political and economic conditions of countries, the economic development now rest on the decision-making powers of a few nations, leaving poor countries dependent.